CVE-2025-55085 is an out-of-bounds read vulnerability classified under CWE-125, found in the HTTP client module of Eclipse Foundation's NetX Duo network stack prior to version 6.4.4. NetX Duo is a widely used embedded TCP/IP stack designed for real-time operating systems like ThreadX, commonly deployed in IoT and embedded devices. The vulnerability stems from inadequate bounds checking during the parsing of HTTP header fields in server responses. Specifically, when the HTTP client processes crafted HTTP headers, it may read memory beyond the intended buffer boundaries, leading to undefined behavior. This can result in information disclosure, memory corruption, or application crashes. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring authentication or user interaction, as it only requires the client to receive a malicious HTTP response from a server. The CVSS 4.0 base score of 8.8 reflects the high impact on confidentiality and integrity, with network attack vector, low attack complexity, and no privileges or user interaction needed. Although no public exploits are currently known, the vulnerability poses a significant risk to embedded systems relying on NetX Duo for network communication. The lack of patch links suggests that affected users should monitor Eclipse Foundation advisories for updates or consider mitigating controls in the interim.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-55085 is substantial, especially those utilizing embedded systems and IoT devices powered by NetX Duo. The vulnerability could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information processed by the HTTP client or cause device instability and crashes, potentially disrupting critical industrial, healthcare, or infrastructure operations. Given the increasing adoption of embedded networked devices in European manufacturing, energy, and transportation sectors, exploitation could result in operational downtime, data breaches, or facilitate further compromise within networks. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the attack surface, particularly for devices exposed to untrusted networks or the internet. Additionally, compromised devices could be leveraged as entry points for lateral movement or persistent threats within enterprise environments. The undefined behavior caused by out-of-bounds reads may also open avenues for attackers to execute arbitrary code or escalate privileges, further amplifying the risk to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of systems.

To mitigate CVE-2025-55085, European organizations should immediately verify their use of NetX Duo in embedded or IoT devices and prioritize upgrading to version 6.4.4 or later once available. In the absence of an official patch, implement strict input validation and sanitization at the application layer to detect and reject malformed HTTP headers. Network segmentation should be enforced to isolate vulnerable devices from untrusted networks, and network-level filtering or firewall rules should be configured to block suspicious HTTP traffic from unknown or untrusted servers. Employ intrusion detection systems capable of identifying anomalous HTTP responses indicative of exploitation attempts. Device manufacturers and integrators should review their firmware and software update mechanisms to ensure timely deployment of patches. Additionally, conduct thorough security testing and code audits of HTTP client implementations to identify and remediate similar parsing issues. Monitoring device logs and network traffic for unusual behavior can provide early detection of exploitation attempts. Finally, collaborate with vendors and the Eclipse Foundation for timely vulnerability disclosures and remediation guidance.