CVE-2025-55225 is a medium-severity vulnerability identified as an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) component of Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (version 10.0.17763.0). This vulnerability allows an unauthorized attacker to remotely disclose sensitive information over the network without requiring prior authentication, though user interaction is necessary to trigger the issue. The flaw arises from improper bounds checking within RRAS, which processes network packets related to routing and remote access functionalities. An attacker can craft specially malformed network packets that cause the service to read memory outside the intended buffer boundaries, potentially leaking sensitive data from the server's memory space. The vulnerability does not allow modification or disruption of system integrity or availability but compromises confidentiality by exposing information that could be leveraged for further attacks. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 6.5, reflecting a moderate risk due to the high confidentiality impact, network attack vector, low attack complexity, and no privileges required. No known exploits are currently in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet, indicating that mitigation may rely on vendor updates or workarounds once available. Given RRAS's role in managing VPNs, dial-up, and routing services, this vulnerability could be exploited in environments where RRAS is enabled and exposed to untrusted networks.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk primarily to enterprises and service providers using Windows Server 2019 with RRAS enabled, especially those exposing routing or remote access services to external or semi-trusted networks. Confidential information leakage could include sensitive configuration data, authentication tokens, or other in-memory secrets that attackers might use to escalate privileges or move laterally within networks. This could lead to increased risk of targeted attacks, espionage, or data breaches, particularly in sectors with high-value data such as finance, healthcare, and government. The requirement for user interaction somewhat limits automated exploitation but does not eliminate risk in environments where users might be tricked into interacting with malicious network traffic or where crafted packets can be sent to RRAS interfaces. The absence of known exploits currently reduces immediate threat but vigilance is necessary as attackers may develop exploits once the vulnerability is public. Additionally, the medium severity score suggests that while the impact is significant, it is not critical, but organizations should prioritize remediation to prevent information disclosure that could facilitate more severe attacks.

Organizations should first inventory their Windows Server 2019 deployments to identify systems running RRAS and assess exposure to untrusted networks. Until a patch is available, network-level mitigations should be applied, such as restricting RRAS access via firewall rules to trusted IP ranges only and disabling RRAS if not required. Monitoring network traffic for anomalous or malformed packets targeting RRAS ports can help detect exploitation attempts. Employing network segmentation to isolate RRAS servers from general user networks reduces attack surface. Administrators should also educate users about the risks of interacting with unsolicited network connections or VPN prompts. Once Microsoft releases a security update, prompt application of the patch is critical. Additionally, enabling logging and alerting on RRAS-related events can aid in early detection of exploitation attempts. Regular vulnerability scanning and penetration testing focusing on RRAS configurations will help ensure that no residual risks remain. Finally, consider deploying endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of identifying suspicious memory access patterns or unusual network activity associated with RRAS.