CVE-2025-55313 is a critical memory corruption vulnerability discovered in Foxit PDF and Editor software for Windows and macOS platforms, affecting versions prior to 13.2 and 2025 before 2025.2. The root cause lies in the insufficient handling of memory allocation failures triggered by assigning an extremely large value to a form field's charLimit property via embedded JavaScript within a PDF document. When a maliciously crafted PDF file exploits this flaw, it can cause memory corruption, potentially allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the victim's system. This vulnerability leverages the JavaScript engine embedded in the PDF reader to manipulate form field properties beyond safe limits, leading to allocation errors that are not properly checked or handled. The attack vector requires the victim to open a malicious PDF file, which could be delivered via email, file sharing, or web downloads. Although no known exploits have been reported in the wild yet, the vulnerability's characteristics suggest it could be weaponized for targeted attacks or widespread campaigns. The lack of a CVSS score indicates that the vulnerability is newly disclosed, and vendors may still be preparing patches. The vulnerability affects both Windows and macOS versions of Foxit PDF products, which are widely used in enterprise and government environments for document handling. The ability to execute arbitrary code means attackers could gain control over affected systems, leading to data theft, system compromise, or lateral movement within networks. This vulnerability underscores the risks associated with embedded scripting in document formats and the importance of robust input validation and error handling in software processing complex file types.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-55313 could be significant due to the widespread use of Foxit PDF products in business, government, and industrial sectors. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution, allowing attackers to install malware, steal sensitive data, or disrupt operations. Confidentiality, integrity, and availability of critical systems could be compromised, especially if attackers leverage this vulnerability to gain initial access or escalate privileges. The requirement for user interaction (opening a malicious PDF) means that phishing campaigns or social engineering could be effective attack vectors. Organizations handling sensitive or regulated data, such as financial institutions, healthcare providers, and government agencies, face heightened risks. Additionally, the cross-platform nature of the vulnerability increases the attack surface. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive defense, but the potential for rapid weaponization necessitates urgent attention. Failure to address this vulnerability could result in data breaches, operational downtime, reputational damage, and regulatory penalties under frameworks like GDPR.

European organizations should implement a multi-layered mitigation strategy. First, monitor Foxit’s official channels for patches and apply updates immediately once available to remediate the vulnerability. Until patches are released, disable JavaScript execution within Foxit PDF and Editor applications to reduce the attack surface, as the vulnerability exploits JavaScript in PDFs. Enhance email and endpoint security by deploying advanced malware detection solutions capable of scanning and sandboxing PDF attachments to identify malicious content. Conduct user awareness training focused on the risks of opening unsolicited or unexpected PDF files, emphasizing caution with email attachments and downloads. Implement network segmentation and least privilege principles to limit the impact of potential compromises. Employ application whitelisting to restrict execution of unauthorized code. Consider deploying Data Loss Prevention (DLP) tools to monitor sensitive data flows. Regularly audit and update security policies related to document handling. Finally, maintain robust incident response plans to quickly detect and respond to exploitation attempts.