CVE-2025-55330 is a vulnerability identified in Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 (build 10.0.26200.0) affecting the BitLocker encryption feature. The root cause is an improper enforcement of behavioral workflow (CWE-841), which means that the system fails to correctly enforce the expected sequence of operations or security checks during BitLocker’s operation. This flaw allows an attacker with physical access to the device to bypass BitLocker’s security mechanisms, potentially gaining unauthorized access to encrypted data. The vulnerability does not require any authentication or user interaction, making it more accessible to an attacker who can physically manipulate the device. The CVSS v3.1 score is 6.1 (medium severity), with the vector indicating physical attack vector (AV:P), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), and no user interaction (UI:N). The impact affects confidentiality and integrity but not availability. No known exploits have been reported in the wild, and no patches have been released at the time of publication. The vulnerability’s exploitation could involve bypassing BitLocker’s encryption protections by exploiting the flawed behavioral workflow enforcement, potentially exposing sensitive data stored on the device. This is particularly concerning for organizations relying on BitLocker to secure data on portable or physically accessible devices.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-55330 is significant in terms of data confidentiality and integrity. Organizations that use BitLocker to protect sensitive or regulated data on laptops, tablets, or other portable devices are at risk of data exposure if an attacker gains physical access. This could lead to data breaches involving personal data protected under GDPR, intellectual property theft, or exposure of critical business information. The vulnerability does not affect system availability but undermines trust in endpoint encryption. Sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure are particularly vulnerable due to the sensitivity of their data and regulatory requirements. The physical access requirement limits remote exploitation but increases risk in environments with less stringent physical security controls or where devices are frequently transported or left unattended. The lack of a patch at the time of disclosure means organizations must rely on compensating controls until Microsoft releases an update.

1. Enhance physical security controls to prevent unauthorized access to devices, including secure storage, access logging, and surveillance in sensitive areas. 2. Implement strict device handling policies, ensuring that laptops and portable devices are never left unattended in unsecured locations. 3. Use hardware-based security features such as TPM and secure boot to complement BitLocker and reduce attack surface. 4. Monitor for signs of physical tampering or unusual device behavior that could indicate exploitation attempts. 5. Restrict administrative privileges and enforce strong authentication policies to limit potential attack vectors. 6. Maintain up-to-date backups of critical data to mitigate impact in case of data compromise. 7. Stay alert for Microsoft’s patch releases and apply updates promptly once available. 8. Consider additional encryption or endpoint protection solutions that provide layered security beyond BitLocker. 9. Train staff on the importance of physical security and the risks associated with device loss or theft. 10. Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing focusing on physical security and encryption controls.