VulnerabilityPublished 3 Jun 2025

CVE-2025-5542: TOTOLINK X2000R · Cross-site Scripting

Affects TOTOLINK X2000RSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 4.8 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 10:12 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

4.8Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 25% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: High
User Interaction: Passive
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: High: The attacker requires privileges that provide significant (e.g., administrative) control over the vulnerable system allowing full access to the vulnerable system’s settings and files.
User Interaction: Passive: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires limited interaction by the targeted user with the vulnerable system and the attacker’s payload. These interactions would be considered involuntary and do not require that the user actively subvert protections built into the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 3 Jun 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
TOTOLINK X2000R	Affected =1.0.0-B20230726.1108	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Immediate mitigation should include disabling remote management features on TOTOLINK X2000R routers to reduce exposure to external attacks.
Network administrators should implement strict network segmentation to isolate vulnerable devices from critical systems.
Employ web filtering solutions to block access to known malicious URLs and prevent users from visiting potentially harmful sites.
Educate users about the risks of clicking on unsolicited links and the importance of verifying URLs before interaction.
Monitor network traffic for unusual activity that could indicate exploitation attempts, such as unexpected outbound connections or anomalous HTTP requests.
Where possible, replace or upgrade affected devices to models with updated firmware that addresses this vulnerability once available.
Use intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or heuristics capable of detecting XSS attack patterns targeting the affected parameter.
Regularly review and apply security advisories from TOTOLINK and related security communities for patches or workarounds.

Description

A vulnerability was found in TOTOLINK X2000R 1.0.0-B20230726.1108. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is an unknown function of the file /boafrm/formPortFw of the component Virtual Server Page. The manipulation of the argument service_type leads to cross site scripting. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Impact

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-5542 depends on the deployment scale of TOTOLINK X2000R routers. If used in small office or home office environments, attackers could exploit this XSS vulnerability to target employees or users by tricking them into visiting malicious URLs, leading to session hijacking or theft of sensitive information. This could facilitate lateral movement or data exfiltration within corporate networks, especially if these routers are used as gateways. The vulnerability could also undermine trust in network security, potentially exposing organizations to phishing or malware campaigns. While the direct impact on critical infrastructure or large enterprise networks may be limited due to the specific product affected, the widespread use of such routers in home or small business settings in Europe means attackers could leverage this vulnerability as an entry point. Additionally, compromised routers could be used as part of botnets or for further attacks against European targets. The medium severity rating suggests a moderate risk, but the ease of remote exploitation and lack of patching options necessitate attention.

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 11 Jul 2025, 05:48 UTC

Technical details

References

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