CVE-2025-55700 is a security vulnerability classified under CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read) found in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) component of Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 (build 10.0.26200.0). The flaw arises from improper bounds checking during memory reads, allowing an attacker to read memory locations outside the intended buffer. This can lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information over a network without requiring any privileges or authentication, although user interaction is necessary to trigger the exploit. The vulnerability's CVSS 3.1 base score is 6.5, reflecting medium severity, with a vector indicating network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), and user interaction required (UI:R). The impact is limited to confidentiality (C:H), with no impact on integrity or availability. No public exploits or patches are currently available, but the vulnerability has been officially published and reserved since August 2025. RRAS is commonly used to provide routing and remote access capabilities, including VPN services, making this vulnerability particularly relevant for organizations exposing RRAS to untrusted networks. Exploitation could allow attackers to glean sensitive data from affected systems, potentially facilitating further compromise or reconnaissance activities.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-55700 is the potential unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information from systems running Windows 11 Version 25H2 with RRAS enabled. This could include internal network details, configuration data, or other memory-resident sensitive information. Such data leakage can aid attackers in planning subsequent attacks, including privilege escalation or lateral movement within networks. Critical sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and telecommunications that rely on RRAS for secure remote access are particularly at risk. The medium severity rating indicates that while the vulnerability is serious, it does not directly compromise system integrity or availability, limiting immediate operational disruption. However, the confidentiality breach could have regulatory and compliance implications under GDPR and other European data protection laws, especially if personal or sensitive data is exposed. The lack of known exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, emphasizing the need for proactive mitigation.

European organizations should implement the following specific mitigations: 1) Restrict RRAS exposure by limiting access to trusted networks only, using firewalls and network segmentation to prevent untrusted or public network access to RRAS services. 2) Monitor network traffic for unusual or suspicious activity targeting RRAS ports and services, employing intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with updated signatures. 3) Apply the official Microsoft patch promptly once released; in the interim, consider disabling RRAS if it is not essential or using alternative secure remote access solutions. 4) Enforce strict user interaction policies and awareness training to reduce the risk of triggering the vulnerability via social engineering. 5) Conduct regular vulnerability scanning and penetration testing focused on RRAS and related network services to identify exposure. 6) Review and tighten RRAS configuration settings to minimize attack surface, including disabling unnecessary features or protocols. 7) Maintain up-to-date asset inventories to quickly identify affected systems running Windows 11 Version 25H2 with RRAS enabled.