CVE-2025-55700 is a security vulnerability classified as CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read) found in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) component of Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 (build 10.0.26200.0). The vulnerability allows an attacker to perform an out-of-bounds read operation remotely over the network, which can lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information. The flaw does not require any privileges (PR:N) but does require user interaction (UI:R), such as convincing a user to initiate a connection or interaction that triggers the vulnerability. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), meaning exploitation can occur remotely without physical access. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality (C:H) but does not affect integrity or availability. The scope is unchanged (S:U), meaning the vulnerability affects only the vulnerable component and does not propagate to other components or systems. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 6.5, indicating a medium severity level. No known exploits have been reported in the wild, and no official patches have been released at the time of reporting. The vulnerability was reserved in August 2025 and published in October 2025. RRAS is a service that provides routing and remote access capabilities, often used in enterprise environments for VPN and network routing purposes. An out-of-bounds read can lead to leakage of memory contents, potentially exposing sensitive data such as credentials or cryptographic material. This vulnerability poses a risk to organizations that have RRAS enabled and exposed to untrusted networks, especially if users can be socially engineered to interact with malicious actors. The lack of required privileges lowers the barrier to exploitation, but the need for user interaction somewhat limits automated exploitation. The absence of patches means organizations must rely on mitigating controls until updates are available.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-55700 is the potential unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information via the RRAS service on Windows 11 25H2 systems. This could lead to leakage of credentials, internal network information, or other confidential data, increasing the risk of further compromise or targeted attacks. Organizations relying on RRAS for VPN or routing services may face increased exposure if these services are accessible from untrusted networks. Confidentiality breaches could affect sectors handling sensitive personal data (e.g., healthcare, finance, government) and critical infrastructure. The medium severity rating reflects that while the vulnerability does not allow direct system compromise or denial of service, the information disclosure could facilitate subsequent attacks. The requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering campaigns could be used to trigger exploitation, which is a common attack vector in Europe. The lack of current exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers often develop exploits after public disclosure. Organizations with strict data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR) may face compliance risks if sensitive data is leaked. Overall, the vulnerability could undermine trust in remote access solutions and complicate secure network management.

European organizations should take proactive steps to mitigate CVE-2025-55700 despite the absence of patches. First, restrict RRAS exposure by limiting its accessibility to trusted networks only, using firewalls and network segmentation to prevent unauthorized external access. Disable RRAS if it is not essential to reduce the attack surface. Implement strict access controls and monitor RRAS logs for unusual connection attempts or patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. Educate users about the risks of interacting with unsolicited network prompts or connections that could trigger the vulnerability. Employ network intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) tuned to detect anomalous RRAS traffic. Maintain up-to-date endpoint protection and apply all other Windows security updates promptly. Once Microsoft releases a patch, prioritize its deployment across all affected Windows 11 25H2 systems. Consider deploying network-level encryption and multi-factor authentication for remote access services to reduce the impact of potential information disclosure. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on RRAS configurations and exposure. Finally, prepare incident response plans to quickly address any exploitation attempts or data leaks related to this vulnerability.