CVE-2025-56101 is a critical OS Command Injection vulnerability identified in the Ruijie M18 wireless device firmware version EW_3.0(1)B11P226_M18_10223116. The vulnerability resides in the Lua script located at /usr/local/lua/dev_sta/networkConnect.lua, specifically within the module_get function that processes POST requests. An attacker can exploit this flaw by crafting a malicious POST request that injects arbitrary operating system commands, which the device executes with the privileges of the affected service. This type of vulnerability typically arises from insufficient input validation or improper sanitization of user-supplied data before passing it to system-level command execution functions. The lack of authentication requirements or user interaction in the exploitation process increases the risk, as attackers can potentially exploit this remotely if the device is accessible over the network. Although no public exploits or patches are currently available, the vulnerability's presence in network infrastructure devices like the Ruijie M18, which are often deployed in enterprise and critical environments, makes it a significant threat. The absence of a CVSS score necessitates an assessment based on the potential impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, ease of exploitation, and scope of affected systems.

The exploitation of CVE-2025-56101 could allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the Ruijie M18 device, leading to complete system compromise. This can result in unauthorized access to sensitive network data, disruption of network services, and potential lateral movement within the affected organization's infrastructure. For European organizations, especially those relying on Ruijie M18 devices for wireless connectivity in enterprise, government, or critical infrastructure sectors, the impact could be severe. Compromise of these devices could undermine network security, lead to data breaches, and disrupt operational continuity. Additionally, attackers could use compromised devices as footholds for further attacks or to launch denial-of-service attacks against internal or external targets. The lack of authentication or user interaction requirements increases the risk of widespread exploitation if devices are exposed to untrusted networks.

Until an official patch is released, European organizations should implement strict network segmentation to isolate Ruijie M18 devices from untrusted networks and limit access to management interfaces. Deploying firewall rules to restrict incoming POST requests to trusted sources can reduce exposure. Continuous monitoring and logging of network traffic to and from these devices should be enhanced to detect anomalous or suspicious activity indicative of exploitation attempts. Organizations should also perform regular firmware integrity checks and maintain an inventory of all Ruijie devices to ensure timely updates once patches become available. Employing intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or heuristics targeting command injection attempts can provide additional defense layers. Finally, educating network administrators about this vulnerability and encouraging prompt response to security advisories from Ruijie is critical.