CVE-2025-5655 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in PHPGurukul Complaint Management System version 2.0, specifically affecting the /admin/edit-subcategory.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'subcategory' parameter, which can be manipulated by an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This flaw allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands on the backend database without requiring authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation, although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild. The CVSS 4.0 score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting that the attack vector is network-based with low attack complexity and no privileges or user interaction required. However, the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is rated low, indicating limited potential damage or partial access. The vulnerability could allow attackers to extract sensitive data, modify database contents, or disrupt application functionality, depending on the database permissions and schema. Since the affected component is part of the administrative interface, exploitation could lead to unauthorized administrative actions if combined with other weaknesses. The absence of a patch or mitigation guidance from the vendor increases the urgency for organizations to implement compensating controls.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Complaint Management System 2.0, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized data access or manipulation within complaint management workflows. Such systems often contain sensitive customer or employee complaint records, which may include personal data protected under GDPR. Exploitation could lead to data breaches, regulatory non-compliance, reputational damage, and operational disruption. The ability to remotely exploit the vulnerability without authentication increases the threat surface, especially for organizations exposing the administrative interface to the internet. While the CVSS score suggests medium severity, the potential for data leakage or integrity compromise in complaint management processes is significant. European entities in sectors like public administration, healthcare, or consumer services that rely on this system may be particularly impacted due to the sensitive nature of complaint data and strict data protection regulations.

Given the lack of an official patch, European organizations should immediately restrict access to the /admin/edit-subcategory.php endpoint by implementing network-level controls such as IP whitelisting or VPN-only access for administrative interfaces. Web application firewalls (WAFs) should be configured to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the 'subcategory' parameter. Input validation and parameterized queries should be enforced if source code access is available, to sanitize user inputs properly. Regular monitoring of database logs for suspicious queries and anomaly detection can help identify exploitation attempts early. Organizations should also conduct security assessments and penetration tests focusing on this vulnerability. Finally, organizations should engage with PHPGurukul or their software providers to obtain patches or updates and plan for timely application once available.