CVE-2025-57791 is a security vulnerability identified in Commvault's CommCell software versions 11.32.0 and 11.36.0. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-88, which pertains to improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command. This flaw arises due to insufficient input validation on command-line arguments passed to internal components of the CommCell system. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction. By injecting or manipulating command-line arguments, the attacker can gain a valid user session but limited to a low privilege role. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9, indicating a medium severity level. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), with low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), and no user interaction needed (UI:N). The impact on confidentiality and integrity is low, while availability is not affected. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability could potentially allow attackers to perform unauthorized actions within the system under a low privilege context, which might be leveraged as a foothold for further attacks or reconnaissance within an organization's backup infrastructure.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-57791 can be significant, especially for those relying heavily on Commvault CommCell for data backup and recovery operations. Although the immediate privilege gained is low, unauthorized access to backup management systems can lead to exposure of sensitive backup data, manipulation of backup schedules, or disruption of backup integrity. This could compromise data availability and integrity indirectly, affecting business continuity and compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR. Additionally, attackers gaining a foothold in backup infrastructure may use it as a pivot point for lateral movement within the network, increasing the risk of broader compromise. Organizations in sectors with stringent data protection requirements, such as finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure, may face regulatory and reputational consequences if this vulnerability is exploited.

To mitigate CVE-2025-57791, European organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Monitor vendor communications closely for official patches or updates addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly once available. 2) Restrict network access to CommCell management interfaces to trusted IP ranges and enforce strict firewall rules to limit exposure. 3) Employ network segmentation to isolate backup infrastructure from general user networks and limit potential lateral movement. 4) Implement robust input validation and command argument sanitization at the application layer if custom integrations or scripts interact with CommCell components. 5) Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing focused on backup systems to detect anomalous command injection attempts. 6) Enhance logging and monitoring of CommCell sessions and command executions to detect suspicious activity early. 7) Enforce the principle of least privilege for all user roles within CommCell, ensuring that low privilege accounts cannot escalate privileges or access sensitive data. 8) Educate IT and security teams about this vulnerability to increase awareness and readiness to respond to potential exploitation attempts.