CVE-2025-57791 is a security vulnerability identified in Commvault's CommCell product versions prior to 11.36.60. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-88, which pertains to improper neutralization of argument delimiters in a command. This flaw arises from insufficient input validation in the handling of command-line arguments passed to internal components of the CommCell software. Specifically, remote attackers can exploit this vulnerability by injecting or manipulating command-line arguments, potentially altering the behavior of internal commands. The exploitation does not require any authentication or user interaction, and can be performed remotely over the network. Successful exploitation results in the attacker gaining a valid user session but limited to a low privilege role. The CVSS v4.0 base score is 6.9 (medium severity), reflecting the network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and limited impact on confidentiality and integrity, with no impact on availability. Although the attacker gains only low privilege access, this foothold could be leveraged for further attacks depending on the environment and additional vulnerabilities. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no official patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability affects versions 11.32.0 and 11.36.0 of CommCell, so organizations running these or earlier versions should consider this a significant risk.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-57791 can be considerable, especially for enterprises relying on Commvault CommCell for data backup and recovery operations. The ability for a remote attacker to inject command-line arguments and gain a valid low privilege session could lead to unauthorized access to backup management interfaces or data. Although the initial access is limited in privilege, attackers might use this as a stepping stone to escalate privileges or disrupt backup operations, potentially affecting data integrity and availability indirectly. This could result in compromised backup data, delayed recovery processes, or exposure of sensitive information. Given the critical role of backup systems in business continuity and compliance with European data protection regulations such as GDPR, any compromise could lead to regulatory penalties, reputational damage, and operational downtime. The medium severity rating suggests that while the threat is not immediately critical, it should not be underestimated, especially in environments with weak internal segmentation or insufficient monitoring.

European organizations should take proactive and specific steps to mitigate this vulnerability beyond generic patching advice. First, verify the version of Commvault CommCell in use and prioritize upgrading to version 11.36.60 or later once patches become available. Until patches are released, implement strict input validation and command-line argument filtering at the network perimeter or application layer if possible. Employ network segmentation to isolate backup infrastructure from general user networks, reducing exposure to remote attacks. Enable detailed logging and monitoring of CommCell activities to detect unusual command-line argument patterns or unauthorized session creations. Restrict network access to CommCell management interfaces to trusted IP addresses and use VPNs or zero-trust network access solutions. Conduct regular privilege audits to ensure that low privilege roles have minimal permissions and cannot escalate privileges easily. Finally, maintain an incident response plan that includes backup system compromise scenarios to minimize recovery time in case of exploitation.