CVE-2025-5784 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.3 of the PHPGurukul Employee Record Management System, specifically within the /myexp.php file. The vulnerability arises due to improper sanitization or validation of the 'emp3ctc' parameter, which allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction. This flaw enables an attacker to manipulate backend database queries, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data modification, or disruption of database operations. Although the CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), the vulnerability's remote exploitability and lack of required privileges increase its risk profile. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and can be exploited over the network, making it accessible to attackers with network access to the affected system. The scope is limited to the affected version 1.3 of the PHPGurukul Employee Record Management System, which is typically used for managing employee records, payroll, and related HR data. No public exploits are currently known to be actively used in the wild, but the disclosure of the exploit code increases the likelihood of exploitation attempts.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Employee Record Management System version 1.3, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive employee data, including personal information, salary details, and employment records. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized data disclosure, data tampering, or denial of service impacting HR operations. This could result in regulatory non-compliance, especially under GDPR, leading to legal penalties and reputational damage. Additionally, compromised employee data could be leveraged for identity theft or social engineering attacks. The medium CVSS score reflects moderate impact, but the critical nature of employee data in Europe elevates the potential consequences. Organizations relying on this system for payroll or compliance reporting may face operational disruptions if the database integrity is compromised.

1. Immediate upgrade or patching: Organizations should verify if PHPGurukul has released patches or newer versions addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly. 2. Input validation and sanitization: Implement strict server-side input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection. 3. Web application firewall (WAF): Deploy a WAF with rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the 'emp3ctc' parameter and related endpoints. 4. Network segmentation: Restrict access to the Employee Record Management System to trusted internal networks and VPNs to reduce exposure. 5. Monitoring and logging: Enable detailed logging of database queries and web requests to detect anomalous activities indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. Incident response readiness: Prepare to respond to potential data breaches involving employee records, including notification procedures compliant with GDPR. 7. Code review: Conduct a thorough security audit of the entire application to identify and remediate other potential injection points or vulnerabilities.