CVE-2025-58179 is a high-severity Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability affecting the Astro web framework, specifically versions 11.0.3 through 12.6.5 when deployed using the @astrojs/cloudflare adapter on Cloudflare's infrastructure. Astro is a modern web framework designed for content-driven websites, and it supports image optimization features. The vulnerability arises when Astro is configured with output set to 'server' and uses the default imageService 'compile'. Under these conditions, the image optimization endpoint generated by Astro does not properly validate or restrict URLs it receives. This flaw allows an attacker to bypass restrictions on third-party domains and force the vulnerable server to fetch and serve content from arbitrary external domains. This SSRF vulnerability is classified under CWE-918, indicating improper restriction of outgoing requests. The issue stems from a bug in the Cloudflare adapter that fails to enforce domain restrictions on URLs passed to the image optimization service. Exploiting this vulnerability does not require authentication or user interaction, and it can lead to confidentiality and integrity impacts by enabling attackers to access internal resources or manipulate content served by the vulnerable origin. The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.2, reflecting its high severity with network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction, and a scope change. The vulnerability was published on September 4, 2025, and fixed in version 12.6.6 of Astro. No known exploits in the wild have been reported yet. Organizations using affected versions of Astro with the Cloudflare adapter should upgrade immediately to mitigate this risk.

For European organizations, this SSRF vulnerability poses significant risks, especially for those relying on Astro for their web presence and content delivery. Exploitation could allow attackers to access internal services behind firewalls, potentially exposing sensitive data or internal APIs not intended for public access. This could lead to data leakage, unauthorized information disclosure, or manipulation of content served to end users, undermining trust and compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR. Additionally, attackers might leverage SSRF to pivot within the network, escalating attacks or conducting reconnaissance. Given that many European companies use Cloudflare for performance and security, the combination with vulnerable Astro versions increases the attack surface. The vulnerability's ability to bypass domain restrictions also raises concerns about supply chain attacks or content poisoning. The impact on service integrity and confidentiality is notable, though availability impact is minimal. Organizations in sectors with stringent data privacy requirements, such as finance, healthcare, and government, are particularly at risk due to potential regulatory and reputational consequences.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should promptly upgrade Astro to version 12.6.6 or later, where the issue is fixed. Beyond upgrading, organizations should audit their Astro configurations to ensure that the output is not unnecessarily set to 'server' unless required, and consider alternative imageService configurations if feasible. Implement strict network egress filtering on servers running Astro to restrict outbound HTTP requests only to trusted domains, preventing SSRF exploitation from reaching internal or sensitive endpoints. Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules tuned to detect and block unusual or unauthorized requests to image optimization endpoints. Conduct thorough code reviews and penetration testing focusing on SSRF vectors, especially in custom integrations with Astro and Cloudflare. Monitor logs for unusual outbound requests or access patterns indicative of SSRF attempts. Finally, maintain an up-to-date inventory of web frameworks and dependencies to ensure timely patching of vulnerabilities.