CVE-2025-58311 is a use-after-free (CWE-416) vulnerability identified in the USB driver module of Huawei's HarmonyOS, affecting versions 4.0.0 through 5.1.0. A use-after-free flaw occurs when a program continues to use a pointer after the memory it points to has been freed, potentially leading to unpredictable behavior such as crashes or arbitrary code execution. In this case, the vulnerability resides in the USB driver, a critical component responsible for managing USB device interactions. Exploitation requires local access with high privileges (PR:H), user interaction (UI:R), and has a high attack complexity (AC:H), indicating that an attacker must have significant access and perform specific actions to trigger the vulnerability. The CVSS vector indicates the attack is local (AV:L), with a scope change (S:C), meaning the vulnerability can affect resources beyond the initially vulnerable component. The impact is primarily on availability (A:H), causing potential denial of service, and confidentiality (C:L), allowing limited unauthorized information disclosure. Integrity is not impacted. No known exploits have been reported in the wild, and no patches have been released at the time of publication, increasing the urgency for monitoring and mitigation. Given the USB driver's role, exploitation could disrupt device functionality or leak sensitive data accessible via USB interfaces. HarmonyOS is deployed on various Huawei devices, including smartphones, IoT devices, and embedded systems, making this vulnerability relevant across multiple device categories.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-58311 could manifest as denial of service on critical Huawei HarmonyOS devices, potentially disrupting business operations reliant on these devices. The confidentiality impact, while limited, could expose sensitive information accessible through USB interfaces, posing risks to data privacy and compliance with regulations such as GDPR. Organizations using Huawei devices in secure environments or for critical infrastructure may face increased risk due to the potential for local privilege escalation and disruption. The requirement for high privileges and user interaction reduces the likelihood of remote exploitation but does not eliminate insider threat or targeted attacks. The absence of patches increases exposure time, necessitating heightened vigilance. Disruptions could affect sectors such as telecommunications, manufacturing, and government agencies where Huawei devices are integrated. The vulnerability could also undermine trust in Huawei products within Europe, influencing procurement and security policies.

1. Restrict local access to HarmonyOS devices, especially limiting administrative or high-privilege user accounts to trusted personnel only. 2. Implement strict USB device control policies, including disabling unused USB ports and monitoring USB device connections to detect anomalous activity. 3. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of identifying suspicious behavior related to USB driver exploitation. 4. Educate users on the risks of interacting with untrusted USB devices and the importance of not executing unknown prompts or actions that could trigger the vulnerability. 5. Maintain a robust patch management process and apply security updates from Huawei immediately upon release. 6. Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments on HarmonyOS devices within the network to identify potential exploitation attempts. 7. Use network segmentation to isolate critical systems using HarmonyOS devices to limit the spread of any potential compromise. 8. Collaborate with Huawei support channels to obtain early warnings and technical guidance regarding this vulnerability.