CVE-2025-58311 is a use-after-free (CWE-416) vulnerability identified in the USB driver module of Huawei's HarmonyOS, affecting versions 4.0.0 through 5.1.0. Use-after-free vulnerabilities occur when a program continues to use a pointer after the memory it points to has been freed, leading to undefined behavior such as memory corruption, crashes, or potential code execution. In this case, the vulnerability resides in the USB driver, a critical component managing USB device interactions. The CVSS v3.1 score of 5.8 indicates a medium severity, with the vector AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:H. This means the attack requires local access (AV:L), high attack complexity (AC:H), high privileges (PR:H), and user interaction (UI:R). The scope is changed (S:C), indicating the vulnerability affects resources beyond the vulnerable component. The impact affects confidentiality partially (C:L), does not affect integrity (I:N), but severely impacts availability (A:H), likely causing system crashes or denial of service. No known exploits have been reported in the wild, and no patches are currently available, though the vulnerability has been publicly disclosed. The vulnerability could be exploited by an attacker with local high privileges who can trick a user into interacting with a malicious USB device or payload, leading to system instability or leakage of sensitive data. The USB driver’s role in device communication makes this vulnerability particularly sensitive in environments relying on USB peripherals. The vulnerability was reserved in August 2025 and published in November 2025, indicating recent discovery and disclosure.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-58311 could be significant in environments where Huawei HarmonyOS devices are deployed, especially those relying on USB connectivity for critical operations. The primary impact is on system availability due to potential crashes or denial of service triggered by the use-after-free condition. This can disrupt business operations, particularly in sectors such as telecommunications, manufacturing, and public services where Huawei devices are prevalent. The partial confidentiality impact suggests that some sensitive data could be exposed during exploitation, raising concerns for data protection and compliance with GDPR. Since exploitation requires local high privileges and user interaction, insider threats or compromised endpoints pose the greatest risk. The lack of patches increases the window of exposure, necessitating heightened vigilance. Additionally, the changed scope of the vulnerability implies that exploitation could affect multiple system components, potentially complicating recovery efforts. European organizations with stringent uptime requirements and sensitive data handling must prioritize risk assessment and mitigation to prevent operational and reputational damage.

1. Restrict local access to Huawei HarmonyOS devices, ensuring that only trusted and authorized personnel have high privilege accounts. 2. Implement strict USB device control policies, including whitelisting approved USB devices and disabling unused USB ports to minimize attack vectors. 3. Educate users about the risks of interacting with unknown USB devices, emphasizing the need to avoid connecting untrusted peripherals. 4. Monitor system logs and USB driver behavior for anomalies indicative of exploitation attempts or crashes related to USB activity. 5. Prepare for rapid deployment of official patches once Huawei releases them, including testing in controlled environments before production rollout. 6. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of detecting suspicious local privilege activities and unusual USB device interactions. 7. Consider network segmentation and isolation of critical systems using HarmonyOS devices to limit lateral movement in case of compromise. 8. Coordinate with Huawei support and security advisories to stay informed about updates and mitigation guidance. 9. Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability assessments focusing on USB-related components and privilege management. 10. Develop incident response plans that include scenarios involving local privilege escalation and denial of service caused by USB driver vulnerabilities.