CVE-2025-58730 is a use-after-free vulnerability classified under CWE-416, discovered in the Inbox COM Objects component of Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2 (build 10.0.26200.0). This vulnerability arises when the system improperly manages memory, freeing an object while it is still in use, which can be exploited by an attacker to execute arbitrary code locally. The attack vector requires local access and user interaction, with a high attack complexity, and no privileges are needed to initiate the exploit. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute code with the privileges of the logged-in user, potentially leading to full system compromise including confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts. The CVSS v3.1 score is 7.0, indicating a high severity level. Currently, there are no known exploits in the wild, and no patches have been published, which increases the urgency for organizations to prepare mitigations. The vulnerability is particularly concerning because it affects a widely used operating system component and could be leveraged in targeted attacks or by malware to escalate privileges or persist on a system.

For European organizations, this vulnerability could lead to significant security breaches if exploited. Given that Windows 11 is widely adopted across enterprises and public sector organizations in Europe, a successful local code execution attack could result in unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of critical services, and potential lateral movement within networks. Sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure are particularly vulnerable due to the high value of their data and services. The requirement for local access and user interaction somewhat limits remote exploitation but does not eliminate risk, especially in environments where insider threats or phishing attacks are prevalent. The lack of available patches increases exposure time, making proactive mitigation essential. Additionally, the vulnerability could be used as part of multi-stage attacks, amplifying its impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability of systems.

1. Restrict local access to systems running Windows 11 Version 25H2 by enforcing strict access controls and monitoring user activities. 2. Educate users to avoid interacting with untrusted or suspicious content that could trigger the vulnerability. 3. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting anomalous behavior related to COM object misuse. 4. Monitor system logs and security alerts for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts. 5. Implement network segmentation to limit lateral movement in case of compromise. 6. Regularly check for and apply security updates from Microsoft as soon as patches become available. 7. Use enhanced security features such as Windows Defender Exploit Guard and Controlled Folder Access to reduce attack surface. 8. Conduct vulnerability assessments and penetration testing focused on local privilege escalation vectors to identify potential exposure.