CVE-2025-58782 is a deserialization vulnerability classified under CWE-502 found in Apache Jackrabbit Core and Apache Jackrabbit JCR Commons, affecting versions from 1.0.0 through 2.22.1. The vulnerability arises when the system accepts JNDI URIs for Java Content Repository (JCR) lookup from untrusted sources. Attackers can exploit this by injecting malicious JNDI references, which are then deserialized by the application, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution on the host system. This attack vector leverages the inherent risks of deserializing untrusted data, a common source of remote code execution vulnerabilities. The vulnerability does not require authentication or user interaction, increasing its risk profile. Apache mitigated this issue in version 2.22.2 by disabling JCR lookup through JNDI by default, requiring explicit enabling for users who depend on this feature. Users are advised to upgrade to this version and carefully review their use of JNDI URIs to prevent exploitation. The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.5, indicating a medium severity with network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction, and impacts on confidentiality and integrity but not availability.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability can be significant, especially for those using Apache Jackrabbit as part of their content management systems, digital asset management, or document repositories. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution, allowing attackers to compromise the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data, potentially leading to data breaches or further lateral movement within networks. This could disrupt business operations, damage reputations, and lead to regulatory non-compliance under GDPR if personal data is exposed. The vulnerability's remote exploitability without authentication increases the risk of widespread attacks, particularly targeting enterprises with exposed JCR services or poorly segmented internal networks. Organizations in sectors such as finance, government, healthcare, and media, which often rely on content repositories, may face higher risks and potential operational disruptions.

The primary mitigation is to upgrade Apache Jackrabbit Core and JCR Commons to version 2.22.2 or later, where JCR lookup through JNDI is disabled by default. Organizations that require JNDI lookup must explicitly enable it and conduct a thorough security review of their JNDI URI usage to ensure no untrusted input can influence deserialization. Additional mitigations include implementing strict input validation and sanitization on any user-supplied data that could influence JNDI lookups, applying network segmentation to restrict access to JCR services, and monitoring logs for suspicious JNDI activity. Employing runtime application self-protection (RASP) or endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions can help detect and block exploitation attempts. Regular security audits and penetration testing focused on deserialization vulnerabilities are recommended. Finally, organizations should maintain an up-to-date inventory of systems using Apache Jackrabbit to ensure timely patching.