CVE-2025-59202 is a use-after-free vulnerability classified under CWE-416 found in Microsoft Windows 11 Version 25H2, specifically in the Remote Desktop Services component. This vulnerability allows an authorized attacker with local access and limited privileges to exploit a memory management flaw where previously freed memory is accessed, leading to undefined behavior. Exploiting this flaw enables the attacker to elevate their privileges locally, potentially gaining SYSTEM-level access. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require the attacker to have some level of local access and privileges, making remote exploitation less likely without prior access. The CVSS v3.1 score is 7.0 (high), reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, but with high attack complexity and the need for privileges. No public exploit code or active exploitation in the wild has been reported yet. The vulnerability affects Windows 11 build 10.0.26200.0, which corresponds to the 25H2 update. The lack of available patches at the time of publication means organizations must rely on interim mitigations and monitoring until official fixes are released. The vulnerability's exploitation could allow attackers to bypass security controls, execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges, and compromise sensitive data or system stability.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk especially in environments where Windows 11 25H2 is deployed with Remote Desktop Services enabled. Successful exploitation could lead to full system compromise, allowing attackers to access sensitive corporate data, disrupt operations, or move laterally within networks. Organizations in sectors such as finance, government, healthcare, and critical infrastructure are particularly at risk due to the high value of their data and systems. The requirement for local access limits remote exploitation but insider threats or attackers who have already gained footholds could leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and deepen their control. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is critical, potentially resulting in data breaches, ransomware deployment, or denial of service. European data protection regulations like GDPR increase the stakes, as breaches could lead to regulatory penalties and reputational damage.

Immediate mitigation steps include restricting local access to systems running Windows 11 25H2 with Remote Desktop Services enabled, enforcing strict access controls, and monitoring logs for unusual privilege escalation attempts. Organizations should implement the principle of least privilege to minimize the number of users with local access rights. Network segmentation can limit lateral movement if an attacker exploits this vulnerability. Until official patches are released, consider disabling Remote Desktop Services on non-essential systems or applying group policy settings to restrict its use. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to detect anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. Regularly update and audit system configurations, and prepare to deploy patches promptly once Microsoft releases them. Conduct user awareness training to reduce insider threat risks. Finally, maintain robust backup and recovery procedures to mitigate potential damage from exploitation.