CVE-2025-59290 is a use-after-free vulnerability classified under CWE-416 affecting the Windows Bluetooth Service component in Microsoft Windows Server 2022 (build 10.0.20348.0). This vulnerability arises when the Bluetooth service improperly manages memory, freeing objects that are later accessed, leading to undefined behavior. An authorized attacker with local access can exploit this flaw to elevate privileges on the system, potentially gaining SYSTEM-level rights. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and has a low attack complexity, making it a serious threat in environments where local access is possible. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no public exploits are known at this time, the vulnerability could be leveraged in targeted attacks or combined with other exploits to compromise Windows Server 2022 systems. The Bluetooth service's role in device communication means exploitation could disrupt critical services or allow attackers to bypass security controls. The vulnerability was reserved in September 2025 and published in October 2025, with no patches currently available, emphasizing the need for proactive mitigation.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-59290 is significant due to the widespread use of Windows Server 2022 in enterprise, government, and critical infrastructure sectors. Successful exploitation could lead to full system compromise, allowing attackers to access sensitive data, disrupt services, or deploy further malware. The elevation of privileges can facilitate lateral movement within networks, increasing the risk of large-scale breaches. Confidentiality is at high risk as attackers could access protected information; integrity is compromised through potential unauthorized changes to system configurations or data; availability could be affected if the Bluetooth service or dependent systems are destabilized. Organizations relying on Bluetooth-enabled devices or services on servers are particularly vulnerable. The lack of known exploits currently provides a window for mitigation, but the high severity score and ease of local exploitation necessitate urgent attention.

1. Restrict local access to Windows Server 2022 systems, ensuring only trusted administrators have login capabilities. 2. Disable the Windows Bluetooth Service on servers where Bluetooth functionality is not required to reduce the attack surface. 3. Implement strict access controls and monitoring on systems running the affected build (10.0.20348.0) to detect unusual Bluetooth service activity or privilege escalation attempts. 4. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of identifying use-after-free exploitation patterns or anomalous process behavior related to Bluetooth services. 5. Prepare for rapid deployment of official Microsoft patches once released; monitor Microsoft security advisories closely. 6. Conduct regular audits of server configurations and user privileges to minimize the risk of unauthorized local access. 7. Consider network segmentation to isolate critical servers and limit potential lateral movement in case of compromise.