VulnerabilityPublished 27 Nov 2025Updated 28 Nov 2025

CVE-2025-59454: Apache CloudStack · Information Exposure

Affects Apache CloudStackSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 4.3 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 14:05 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

4.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 29% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: None
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges may have the ability to cause an impact only to non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 27 Nov 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Mavenorg.apache/cloudstack`pkg:maven/org.apache/cloudstack`Other threats	Affected =4.0.0 =4.21.0	Fixed in–

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AI-suggested

European organizations using Apache CloudStack should promptly upgrade affected instances to versions 4.20.2.0 or 4.22.0.0 where the vulnerability is fixed. Beyond patching, organizations should audit user permissions and roles within CloudStack to ensure the principle of least privilege is enforced, minimizing the number of users with access to sensitive APIs. Implement strict network segmentation and access controls to limit which users and systems can reach CloudStack management interfaces. Enable detailed logging and monitoring of API calls related to network ACLs and resource usage to detect anomalous access patterns that could indicate exploitation attempts. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on cloud management platforms to identify potential access control weaknesses. Additionally, review compliance with GDPR and other relevant data protection laws to ensure that any data exposure risks are mitigated through contractual and technical controls. Finally, maintain awareness of Apache CloudStack security advisories for timely updates on emerging threats or patches.

Description

In Apache CloudStack, a gap in access control checks affected the APIs - createNetworkACL - listNetworkACLs - listResourceDetails - listVirtualMachinesUsageHistory - listVolumesUsageHistory While these APIs were accessible only to authorized users, insufficient permission validation meant that users could occasionally access information beyond their intended scope. Users are recommended to upgrade to Apache CloudStack 4.20.2.0 or 4.22.0.0, which fixes the issue.

Impact

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-59454 is the unauthorized disclosure of sensitive operational data managed within Apache CloudStack environments. This could include details about network access control lists, resource inventories, and usage histories of virtual machines and storage volumes. Such information leakage may aid attackers in reconnaissance activities, enabling them to map network configurations and resource usage patterns, which could be leveraged in subsequent targeted attacks. Additionally, exposure of usage history and resource details may violate GDPR and other data protection regulations if personal or sensitive data is indirectly disclosed, potentially leading to regulatory penalties and reputational damage. While the vulnerability does not directly compromise system integrity or availability, the confidentiality breach itself is significant, especially for cloud service providers, financial institutions, and critical infrastructure operators in Europe that rely on Apache CloudStack. The lack of known exploits reduces immediate risk, but the ease of exploitation (low privileges required, no user interaction) means that threat actors with limited access could exploit this flaw if unpatched.

CWE-200Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor (opens in a new tab)
Class weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #20OWASP Top 10 A01:2025: Broken Access Control (opens in a new tab)
The product exposes sensitive information to an actor that is not explicitly authorized to have access to that information.
MITRE discourages mapping vulnerabilities to this broad entry; the root cause is usually a more specific weakness.
Architecture and Design · Separation of Privilege
Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Error Handling (opens in a new tab)
Logging (opens in a new tab)
Authorization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V8.3.4 (opens in a new tab)
V14.3.3 (opens in a new tab)
V7.3.3 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Subverting Environment Variable Values (opens in a new tab)
ICMP Echo Request Ping (opens in a new tab)
TCP SYN Scan (opens in a new tab)
Enumerate Mail Exchange (MX) Records (opens in a new tab)
DNS Zone Transfers (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 4 Dec 2025, 12:12 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-200

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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