CVE-2025-59513 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read) found in the Windows Bluetooth RFCOM Protocol Driver on Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). This flaw allows an authorized attacker with local access to the affected system to read memory beyond the intended buffer boundaries. Such out-of-bounds reads can lead to the disclosure of sensitive information residing in adjacent memory areas, potentially exposing confidential data to the attacker. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and does not affect system integrity or availability, but it compromises confidentiality. The attack vector is local (AV:L), requiring low complexity (AC:L) and low privileges (PR:L), meaning a standard user account can exploit it without elevated rights. The scope remains unchanged (S:U), indicating the vulnerability affects only the vulnerable component without impacting other system components. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.5, reflecting medium severity, with a high impact on confidentiality (C:H), no impact on integrity (I:N), and no impact on availability (A:N). No known exploits have been reported in the wild as of the publication date (November 11, 2025). The vulnerability was reserved on September 17, 2025, and published shortly after. No official patches or updates are linked yet, suggesting that mitigation relies on forthcoming security updates from Microsoft. The Bluetooth RFCOM Protocol Driver is part of the Windows networking stack managing Bluetooth communications, and exploitation requires local access, which limits remote attack possibilities but still poses a risk in multi-user or shared environments.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk primarily to confidentiality, as attackers with local access can potentially extract sensitive information from memory. Organizations that rely on Windows 10 Version 1809, especially in environments where multiple users have local access or where endpoint security is lax, are at risk of data leakage. Critical sectors such as finance, healthcare, and government institutions that handle sensitive personal or strategic data could face exposure of confidential information. Although the vulnerability does not allow remote exploitation, insider threats or malware that gains local user privileges could leverage this flaw to escalate information disclosure. The lack of impact on integrity and availability reduces the risk of system disruption but does not diminish the importance of protecting sensitive data. Since Windows 10 Version 1809 is an older release, organizations that have not upgraded or patched legacy systems remain vulnerable. This can be particularly relevant for industrial control systems or legacy infrastructure in European countries where long-term support versions are still in use. The absence of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the potential for future exploitation once proof-of-concept code becomes available.

1. Apply security patches from Microsoft as soon as they become available to address this vulnerability. Monitor official Microsoft security advisories for updates related to CVE-2025-59513. 2. Restrict local access to systems running Windows 10 Version 1809 by enforcing strict user account controls and limiting the number of users with local login privileges. 3. Disable the Bluetooth RFCOM Protocol Driver if Bluetooth functionality is not required, reducing the attack surface. This can be done via device manager or group policy settings. 4. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for unusual local activity that could indicate exploitation attempts. 5. Conduct regular audits of legacy systems and plan upgrades to supported Windows versions to minimize exposure to vulnerabilities in outdated software. 6. Implement strict physical security controls in environments where local access cannot be fully restricted, such as shared workstations or kiosks. 7. Educate users about the risks of local privilege escalation and information disclosure vulnerabilities to reduce insider threat risks. 8. Use application whitelisting and least privilege principles to limit the execution of unauthorized code that could exploit this vulnerability.