VulnerabilityPublished 24 Nov 2025

CVE-2025-60632: free5gc · Reachable Assertion

Affects free5gcSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 6.5 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 09:08 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

6.5Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 17% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: None
Availability: High

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: Required: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires a user to take some action before the vulnerability can be exploited.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: High: There is total loss of availability, resulting in the attacker being able to fully deny access to resources in the impacted component; this loss is either sustained (while the attacker continues to deliver the attack) or persistent (the condition persists even after the attack has completed). Alternatively, the attacker has the ability to deny some availability, but the loss of availability presents a direct, serious consequence to the impacted component (e.g., the attacker cannot disrupt existing connections, but can prevent new connections; the attacker can repeatedly exploit a vulnerability that, in each instance of a successful attack, leaks a only small amount of memory, but after repeated exploitation causes a service to become completely unavailable).

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 24 Nov 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
GitHubfree5gc/free5gc`pkg:github/free5gc/free5gc`Other threats	Affected >=4.0.0 <=4.0.1	Fixed in–

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

European organizations should implement the following specific mitigation strategies: 1) Deploy network-level filtering and intrusion detection systems to monitor and block anomalous POST requests targeting the Npcf_BDTPolicyControl API. 2) Enforce strict input validation and sanitization on all API endpoints to prevent malformed requests from triggering service failures. 3) Isolate the vulnerable Free5GC components within segmented network zones to limit the blast radius of potential DoS attacks. 4) Implement rate limiting on API requests to reduce the risk of resource exhaustion from crafted requests. 5) Maintain up-to-date monitoring and logging to detect early signs of exploitation attempts. 6) Engage with Free5GC community and vendors for timely patches and updates once available. 7) Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on 5G core network components. 8) Prepare incident response plans specifically addressing 5G core service disruptions. These measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on the unique aspects of 5G core network security and the specific API involved.

Description

An issue was discovered in Free5GC v4.0.0 and v4.0.1 allowing an attacker to cause a denial of service via crafted POST request to the Npcf_BDTPolicyControl API.

Impact

For European organizations, particularly telecommunications providers and network operators deploying Free5GC in their 5G core infrastructure, this vulnerability could lead to denial of service conditions affecting network availability. Service disruptions in 5G core functions can impact subscriber connectivity, degrade quality of service, and potentially cause cascading failures in dependent network services. This could result in customer dissatisfaction, regulatory scrutiny, and financial losses. Critical infrastructure relying on 5G for IoT, emergency services, and industrial applications may face operational risks. The medium severity indicates that while the vulnerability is not catastrophic, it still poses a tangible threat to network reliability. Since no known exploits exist yet, proactive mitigation is essential to prevent attackers from developing and deploying exploits. The impact is primarily on availability, with no direct compromise of data confidentiality or integrity, but availability issues in telecommunications can have widespread consequences.

CWE-617Reachable Assertion (opens in a new tab)
Base weakness
The product contains an assert() or similar statement that can be triggered by an attacker, which leads to an application exit or other behavior that is more severe than necessary.
Implementation
Make sensitive open/close operation non reachable by directly user-controlled data (e.g. open/close resources)
Implementation · Input Validation
Perform input validation on user data.
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 1 Dec 2025, 16:45 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-617

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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