CVE-2025-60645 is a medium-severity Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability identified in xxl-api version 1.3.0. The vulnerability allows an attacker to craft a malicious GET request that, when executed by an authenticated user, results in the unauthorized addition of users to the management module of the application. This attack vector exploits the lack of proper CSRF protections, such as missing or inadequate anti-CSRF tokens, allowing state-changing actions to be triggered without explicit user consent. The vulnerability does not require prior authentication (PR:N) but does require user interaction (UI:R), meaning the victim must be tricked into visiting a malicious link or webpage. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), and the attack complexity is low (AC:L), indicating that exploitation is relatively straightforward. The impact primarily affects the integrity of the system (I:H) by enabling unauthorized user additions, potentially leading to privilege escalation or unauthorized access. Confidentiality and availability are not directly impacted. No patches or known exploits are currently available, but the vulnerability is publicly disclosed as of November 12, 2025. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-352, which covers CSRF issues. Organizations using xxl-api v1.3.0 should assess exposure and implement mitigations promptly to prevent exploitation.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the integrity of systems using xxl-api v1.3.0, especially those relying on the management module for user administration. Unauthorized user additions can lead to privilege escalation, unauthorized access to sensitive management functions, and potential lateral movement within networks. While confidentiality and availability are not directly compromised, the integrity breach can facilitate further attacks or insider threats. Organizations in sectors such as finance, government, healthcare, and critical infrastructure that use xxl-api may face increased risk due to the sensitive nature of user management. The requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering campaigns could be leveraged to exploit this vulnerability. The absence of known exploits in the wild provides a window for proactive defense, but the low attack complexity and network accessibility increase the likelihood of future exploitation attempts. Failure to address this vulnerability could result in unauthorized administrative control, compliance violations, and reputational damage.

To mitigate CVE-2025-60645, organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Apply any available patches or updates from the xxl-api vendor as soon as they are released. 2) If patches are unavailable, implement strict CSRF protections by enforcing anti-CSRF tokens on all state-changing requests, especially those involving user management. 3) Restrict access to the management module to trusted networks or VPNs to reduce exposure. 4) Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules designed to detect and block CSRF attack patterns and suspicious GET requests targeting user management endpoints. 5) Conduct user awareness training to reduce the risk of social engineering and phishing attacks that could trigger CSRF exploits. 6) Monitor logs for unusual user creation activities and implement alerting for anomalous management module access. 7) Consider implementing multi-factor authentication (MFA) for management module access to add an additional security layer. 8) Review and harden session management to prevent session fixation or hijacking that could facilitate CSRF attacks. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice and address the specific attack vector and impact of this vulnerability.