CVE-2025-60699 identifies a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the TOTOLINK A950RG router firmware version V5.9c.4592_B20191022_ALL. The vulnerability resides in the 'getSaveConfig' function within the 'global.so' binary, where the 'http_host' parameter is retrieved from user input via the 'websGetVar' function. The parameter is then copied into a fixed-size stack buffer using the unsafe 'strcpy()' function without any bounds checking, leading to a classic buffer overflow condition (CWE-121). An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this by sending a specially crafted HTTP request to the router's web interface, which is typically accessible on the local network or potentially exposed to the internet if remote management is enabled. Successful exploitation can result in arbitrary code execution, allowing the attacker to execute malicious payloads with the privileges of the web server process, potentially leading to full device compromise. The vulnerability does not impact confidentiality directly but threatens integrity and availability by enabling code execution and possible device disruption. The CVSS v3.1 score is 6.5, reflecting network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction, unchanged scope, no confidentiality impact, but low integrity and availability impacts. No patches or exploits are currently reported, indicating a window for proactive mitigation. This vulnerability is critical for environments relying on TOTOLINK A950RG routers, especially where devices are exposed to untrusted networks or lack proper segmentation.

For European organizations, the exploitation of CVE-2025-60699 could lead to unauthorized control over affected TOTOLINK A950RG routers, resulting in compromised network infrastructure. This can disrupt business operations by causing router outages or enabling attackers to pivot into internal networks, threatening integrity and availability of critical services. While confidentiality is not directly impacted, the ability to execute arbitrary code could facilitate further attacks such as man-in-the-middle, traffic interception, or launching attacks against other internal systems. Organizations with remote management enabled or routers accessible from the internet are at higher risk. Critical sectors such as telecommunications, government, and enterprises relying on these routers for network connectivity could face service disruptions or data integrity issues. The medium severity rating suggests a significant but not catastrophic impact, emphasizing the need for timely mitigation to prevent exploitation.

1. Immediately audit network configurations to identify TOTOLINK A950RG routers, especially those with exposed web interfaces. 2. Disable remote web management interfaces unless absolutely necessary; restrict access to trusted IP addresses or VPNs. 3. Implement network segmentation to isolate router management interfaces from general user networks. 4. Monitor network traffic for unusual HTTP requests targeting router web interfaces, employing intrusion detection/prevention systems with custom signatures to detect exploitation attempts. 5. Contact TOTOLINK or authorized vendors for firmware updates or security advisories addressing this vulnerability; apply patches as soon as available. 6. If patches are unavailable, consider temporary mitigations such as firewall rules blocking HTTP requests containing suspicious 'http_host' parameters or rate limiting management interface access. 7. Educate network administrators on the risks of buffer overflow vulnerabilities and the importance of secure router configurations. 8. Regularly review and update router firmware and configurations as part of a broader vulnerability management program.