CVE-2025-60728VulnerabilityPublished 11 Nov 2025Updated 13 Feb 2026

CVE-2025-60728: Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise · Untrusted Pointer Dereference

Affects Microsoft 365 Apps for EnterpriseSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 4.3 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 06:26 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

4.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.7% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 55% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: None
Availability: Low

Temporal metrics

Exploit Code Maturity: Unproven
Remediation Level: Official Fix
Report Confidence: Confirmed

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: Required: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires a user to take some action before the vulnerability can be exploited.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the impacted component are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.
Exploit Code Maturity: Unproven: No exploit code is available, or an exploit is theoretical.
Remediation Level: Official Fix: A complete vendor solution is available. Either the vendor has issued an official patch, or an upgrade is available.
Report Confidence: Confirmed: Detailed reports exist, or functional reproduction is possible (functional exploits may provide this). Source code is available to independently verify the assertions of the research, or the author or vendor of the affected code has confirmed the presence of the vulnerability.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 11 Nov 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-26.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

cwe-125

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Microsoft Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise	Affected =16.0.1	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

1. Apply security updates and patches from Microsoft as soon as they become available for Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise version 16.0.1. 2. Implement strict email filtering and attachment scanning to block or quarantine suspicious Excel files, especially from unknown or untrusted sources. 3. Educate users about the risks of opening unsolicited or unexpected Excel documents and encourage verification of file origins. 4. Use Microsoft Defender for Office 365 or similar advanced threat protection tools to detect and block malicious documents. 5. Restrict macros and external content in Excel files through group policy or application control to reduce attack surface. 6. Monitor network traffic for unusual data exfiltration patterns that could indicate exploitation attempts. 7. Employ network segmentation to limit the impact of any potential compromise. 8. Maintain regular backups of critical data and ensure incident response plans are updated to address this vulnerability scenario.

Description

Untrusted pointer dereference in Microsoft Office Excel allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.

Impact

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-60728 is the potential unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information through Microsoft Excel. Given the widespread use of Microsoft 365 Apps in Europe, especially in sectors like finance, government, and critical infrastructure, this vulnerability could expose confidential data if exploited. Although the vulnerability does not allow privilege escalation or direct code execution, information disclosure can aid attackers in reconnaissance and subsequent targeted attacks. The requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering campaigns could be used to deliver malicious Excel files. The limited availability impact could disrupt business operations temporarily if Excel crashes or becomes unstable. Organizations handling sensitive personal data under GDPR must be particularly cautious, as data leakage could lead to regulatory penalties and reputational damage. The absence of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers may develop exploits post-disclosure.

CWE-822Untrusted Pointer Dereference (opens in a new tab)
Base weakness
The product obtains a value from an untrusted source, converts this value to a pointer, and dereferences the resulting pointer.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
XML Security (opens in a new tab)
Mass Assignment (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V13.3.1 (opens in a new tab)
V5.1.4 (opens in a new tab)
V5.1.3 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Pointer Manipulation (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-60728 (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 14 Feb 2026, 07:23 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-822

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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