CVE-2025-61189 is a path traversal vulnerability affecting Jeecgboot versions 3.8.2 and earlier. The vulnerability exists in the /sys/comment/addFile endpoint, which is intended to allow file uploads to a designated directory (/opt/upFiles). However, due to improper validation or sanitization of the file path, attackers can manipulate the upload process to place files into the broader system directory /opt instead. This bypasses the intended directory restriction and allows files with system-whitelisted extensions to be uploaded outside the controlled upload folder. Such a vulnerability can be exploited to upload malicious files, potentially leading to unauthorized code execution, privilege escalation, or persistence on the affected system. The lack of a CVSS score and absence of known exploits in the wild suggest it is a recently disclosed vulnerability, but the technical details indicate a significant risk due to the ability to write files to sensitive system locations. The vulnerability does not specify whether authentication is required or if user interaction is needed, but the nature of the endpoint suggests it may be accessible to authenticated users or possibly unauthenticated users depending on the application configuration. The vulnerability's exploitation could compromise confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected systems by enabling attackers to deploy backdoors, web shells, or other malicious payloads within critical system directories.

For European organizations using Jeecgboot, particularly those running versions 3.8.2 or earlier, this vulnerability poses a serious risk. Organizations in sectors such as government, finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure that rely on Jeecgboot for web application development or internal tools could face unauthorized access or system compromise. The ability to upload files outside the intended directory can lead to remote code execution or persistent malware installation, potentially resulting in data breaches, service disruption, or lateral movement within networks. Given the strategic importance of data protection under regulations like GDPR, exploitation could also lead to regulatory penalties and reputational damage. The impact is amplified in environments where patch management is slow or where the affected endpoint is exposed to the internet without sufficient access controls. Additionally, the lack of known exploits currently does not eliminate the risk, as threat actors may develop exploits rapidly following public disclosure.

1. Immediate patching: Organizations should monitor Jeecgboot vendor announcements and apply patches or updates as soon as they become available to fix this vulnerability. 2. Access control: Restrict access to the /sys/comment/addFile endpoint to trusted and authenticated users only, using strong authentication and authorization mechanisms. 3. Input validation: Implement additional server-side validation to ensure uploaded files cannot escape the designated upload directory, including sanitizing file paths and names. 4. File system permissions: Harden file system permissions on the /opt directory to prevent unauthorized write access by the web server process or application user. 5. Web application firewall (WAF): Deploy WAF rules to detect and block suspicious file upload attempts or path traversal patterns targeting this endpoint. 6. Monitoring and logging: Enable detailed logging of file upload activities and monitor for anomalous behavior or unexpected file placements in system directories. 7. Network segmentation: Isolate systems running Jeecgboot applications to limit potential lateral movement if compromise occurs. 8. Incident response readiness: Prepare to respond quickly to any signs of exploitation, including forensic analysis and containment procedures.