CVE-2025-6150 is a critical buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the TOTOLINK X15 router firmware version 1.0.0-B20230714.1105. The flaw exists within an HTTP POST request handler component, specifically in the /boafrm/formMultiAP endpoint. The vulnerability is triggered by manipulating the 'submit-url' argument in the POST request, which leads to a buffer overflow condition. This type of vulnerability can allow an attacker to overwrite memory, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution, denial of service, or system compromise. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring user interaction or prior authentication, increasing the risk profile. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 8.7, indicating a high severity level, with attack vector being network-based (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:L), and no user interaction (UI:N). The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is rated high, meaning successful exploitation could lead to full system compromise. Although no public exploits are currently known to be actively used in the wild, the exploit code has been disclosed publicly, which raises the risk of imminent exploitation. The vulnerability affects a specific firmware version of the TOTOLINK X15 device, a consumer and small office/home office (SOHO) router model. No official patches or mitigation links have been provided yet, indicating that affected users may be vulnerable until a vendor fix is released. Given the nature of the vulnerability and the device type, attackers could leverage this flaw to gain persistent control over the router, intercept or manipulate network traffic, or pivot into internal networks.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-6150 can be significant, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and home office setups that rely on TOTOLINK X15 routers for network connectivity. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to internal networks, interception of sensitive data, disruption of internet connectivity, and potential lateral movement to other critical systems. This could compromise confidentiality of communications, integrity of data, and availability of network services. Given the router’s role as a network gateway, attackers could deploy malware, conduct man-in-the-middle attacks, or establish persistent backdoors. The lack of authentication and user interaction requirements means that attackers can scan and exploit vulnerable devices en masse, increasing the scale of impact. Critical sectors such as finance, healthcare, and government agencies using these devices in remote or branch offices could face operational disruptions and data breaches. Additionally, the public disclosure of exploit code increases the urgency for mitigation to prevent opportunistic attacks.

1. Immediate network segmentation: Isolate TOTOLINK X15 devices from critical internal networks to limit potential lateral movement if compromised. 2. Disable remote management interfaces on the router, especially HTTP POST handlers exposed to the internet, to reduce attack surface. 3. Monitor network traffic for unusual POST requests targeting /boafrm/formMultiAP or anomalous patterns indicating exploitation attempts. 4. Implement strict firewall rules to restrict inbound traffic to the router management interface from trusted IP addresses only. 5. Regularly audit and inventory network devices to identify all TOTOLINK X15 routers running the vulnerable firmware version. 6. Engage with TOTOLINK support channels to obtain firmware updates or patches as soon as they become available. 7. If patching is delayed, consider temporary replacement of vulnerable devices with alternative hardware from vendors with timely security updates. 8. Educate IT staff on this vulnerability and ensure incident response plans include detection and containment procedures for exploitation attempts. 9. Employ network intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with updated signatures to detect exploitation attempts targeting this vulnerability. 10. Conduct penetration testing and vulnerability scanning focused on router firmware versions to proactively identify exposure.