CVE-2025-62221 is a use-after-free vulnerability classified under CWE-416, found in the Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver component of Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). This vulnerability arises when the driver improperly manages memory, freeing an object while it is still in use, which can lead to execution of arbitrary code or corruption of memory. An authorized attacker with local access can exploit this flaw to elevate their privileges on the affected system, potentially gaining SYSTEM-level rights. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and has a low attack complexity, making it easier to exploit once local access is obtained. The CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.8 reflects high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, indicating that successful exploitation could lead to full system compromise. Although no public exploits are currently known, the vulnerability's presence in a core Windows component that handles cloud file synchronization makes it a critical concern. The lack of available patches at the time of disclosure necessitates immediate risk mitigation through access controls and monitoring. This vulnerability is particularly relevant for environments where Windows 10 Version 1809 remains in use, including legacy systems in enterprise and industrial settings.

The primary impact of CVE-2025-62221 is local privilege escalation, enabling attackers with limited access to gain full control over affected Windows 10 Version 1809 systems. This can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of system operations, and the potential deployment of further malware or ransomware. For European organizations, especially those in regulated industries such as finance, healthcare, and critical infrastructure, exploitation could result in significant data breaches, operational downtime, and regulatory penalties under GDPR. The vulnerability undermines system integrity and availability, increasing the risk of persistent threats and lateral movement within corporate networks. Since the flaw resides in a component managing cloud file synchronization, organizations relying on cloud-integrated workflows may face additional risks of data manipulation or leakage. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive defense, but the ease of exploitation and high impact necessitate urgent attention to prevent future attacks.

1. Apply official security patches from Microsoft as soon as they become available to address the use-after-free vulnerability in the Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver. 2. Until patches are released, restrict local access to systems running Windows 10 Version 1809 by enforcing strict access controls, including limiting administrative privileges and using endpoint protection solutions. 3. Disable or restrict the use of cloud file synchronization features if feasible, to reduce the attack surface related to the vulnerable driver. 4. Implement enhanced monitoring and logging for unusual activities related to privilege escalation attempts, particularly focusing on processes interacting with the Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver. 5. Conduct regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing targeting legacy Windows 10 systems to identify potential exploitation attempts. 6. Plan and execute an upgrade strategy to move affected systems to supported Windows versions with ongoing security updates, reducing exposure to legacy vulnerabilities. 7. Educate IT staff and users about the risks of local privilege escalation vulnerabilities and the importance of maintaining updated systems and controlled access.