VulnerabilityPublished 23 Oct 2025

CVE-2025-62394: moodle · Incorrect Authorization

Affects moodleSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 4.3 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 10:12 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

4.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 13% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: None
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker is authorized with (i.e., requires) privileges that provide basic user capabilities that could normally affect only settings and files owned by a user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges may have the ability to cause an impact only to non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 23 Oct 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Packagistmoodle/moodle`pkg:composer/moodle/moodle`Other threats	Affected =5.0.0 =4.5.0	Fixed in–

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AI-suggested

Organizations should monitor Moodle security advisories closely and apply official patches or updates as soon as they become available for versions 4.5.0 and 5.0.0. In the interim, administrators can audit and restrict notification settings to ensure that quiz notifications are not sent to suspended or inactive users. Reviewing and tightening enrolment and notification logic through custom plugins or configuration changes may help mitigate the issue temporarily. Implementing strict access controls and regularly cleaning up inactive or suspended accounts reduces the attack surface. Logging and monitoring notification dispatch processes can help detect anomalous message deliveries. Educating users about potential phishing or social engineering attempts based on leaked information is also advisable. Finally, organizations should consider isolating Moodle instances or restricting network access to trusted users to limit exposure.

Description

Moodle failed to verify enrolment status correctly when sending quiz notifications. As a result, suspended or inactive users might receive quiz-related messages, leaking limited course information.

Impact

The primary impact of CVE-2025-62394 is limited confidentiality loss due to unauthorized disclosure of quiz-related notifications to suspended or inactive users. While the leaked information is not highly sensitive, it could provide attackers or unauthorized users with insights into course schedules, quiz timings, or other educational content. This could facilitate social engineering attacks or unauthorized access attempts. There is no impact on data integrity or system availability, so operational disruption is unlikely. However, organizations relying on Moodle for secure educational delivery may face reputational damage and compliance concerns if unauthorized information disclosure occurs. The vulnerability requires low privileges but no user interaction, making exploitation feasible for users with some access to the platform. Since no known exploits exist in the wild, the immediate risk is moderate but could increase if exploit code is developed. Institutions with large user bases, including inactive or suspended accounts, are more exposed. Overall, the threat is moderate but warrants prompt attention to prevent information leakage and maintain trust in the learning environment.

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 27 Feb 2026, 15:49 UTC

Technical details

References

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