CVE-2025-63528 identifies a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Blood Bank Management System 1.0, specifically within the blooddinfo.php component. The vulnerability occurs because the application fails to properly sanitize or encode the 'error' parameter before rendering it in the HTTP response. This allows an attacker to inject arbitrary JavaScript code that executes in the context of the victim's browser when they view the affected page. The vulnerability does not require user interaction or authentication, making it easier to exploit remotely. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) indicates network attack vector, low attack complexity, requiring low privileges but no user interaction, and a scope change, meaning the vulnerability affects resources beyond the initially vulnerable component. The impact on confidentiality is high, as attackers can steal sensitive information such as session cookies or personal data. Integrity impact is low, as the attacker can manipulate some data or actions but not fully compromise the system. Availability is not impacted. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the vulnerability's characteristics make it a significant threat, especially in healthcare environments where patient data confidentiality is paramount. The lack of available patches or updates increases the urgency for organizations to implement mitigations. The Blood Bank Management System is likely used in healthcare institutions managing sensitive blood donation and transfusion data, making this vulnerability critical to address to prevent data breaches and unauthorized access.

For European organizations, particularly healthcare providers using the Blood Bank Management System, this vulnerability poses a serious risk to patient data confidentiality and system integrity. Exploitation could lead to theft of sensitive personal health information, session hijacking, and unauthorized actions performed under the guise of legitimate users. This could result in regulatory non-compliance with GDPR, reputational damage, and potential disruption of critical healthcare services. The scope change in the CVSS vector suggests that the vulnerability could affect multiple components or users beyond the initially targeted module, increasing the potential impact. Given the sensitive nature of blood bank data, attackers could manipulate donation records or patient information, potentially endangering patient safety. The absence of known exploits in the wild offers a window for proactive mitigation, but the high CVSS score underscores the urgency. European healthcare institutions are attractive targets due to strict data protection laws and the critical nature of healthcare services, making exploitation consequences severe.

1. Immediate implementation of proper input validation and output encoding on the 'error' parameter in blooddinfo.php to neutralize malicious scripts. 2. Deploy Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts and reduce the impact of potential XSS payloads. 3. Conduct a thorough code review of the entire Blood Bank Management System to identify and remediate similar unsanitized inputs. 4. Implement web application firewalls (WAF) with rules targeting XSS attack patterns to provide an additional layer of defense. 5. Monitor logs and user activity for unusual behavior indicative of exploitation attempts, such as anomalous parameter values or repeated access to vulnerable endpoints. 6. Educate staff and users about the risks of XSS and encourage cautious handling of URLs and error messages. 7. Coordinate with the software vendor or development team to release and apply official patches or updates as soon as they become available. 8. Consider isolating or restricting access to the vulnerable component until mitigations are fully in place to minimize exposure.