VulnerabilityPublished 9 Jan 2026

CVE-2025-64091: Zenitel TCIS-3+ · OS Command Injection

Affects Zenitel TCIS-3+Source CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 8.6 High : upgrade to 9.2.3.3 soon.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 15:59 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

8.6High

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 30% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch: Available – fixed in 9.2.3.3

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Changed
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: None
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Changed: An exploited vulnerability can affect resources beyond the security scope managed by the security authority of the vulnerable component. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are different and managed by different security authorities.
Confidentiality: High: There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 9 Jan 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Upgrade Zenitel TCIS-3+ to 9.2.3.3.

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
ZenitelTCIS-3+	Affected <9.2.3.3	Fixed in 9.2.3.3

AI-suggested

Immediately upgrade all Zenitel TCIS-3+ devices to version 9.2.3.3 or later once the patch is available from the vendor.
Restrict access to the NTP configuration interface using network segmentation and firewall rules, limiting it to trusted administrators only.
Enforce strong authentication mechanisms and regularly audit user accounts with access to the device management interfaces.
Monitor device logs and network traffic for unusual NTP configuration changes or command execution attempts.
Implement network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) with signatures or heuristics to detect anomalous command injection patterns targeting TCIS-3+.
Conduct regular vulnerability assessments and penetration tests focusing on communication devices to identify and remediate similar issues proactively.
Establish incident response plans specific to communication device compromise scenarios to minimize impact.
Coordinate with Zenitel support for timely updates and security advisories.

Description

This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to execute commands via the NTP-configuration of the device.

Impact

For European organizations, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized command execution on critical communication devices, potentially exposing sensitive operational data or enabling attackers to pivot within internal networks. Given Zenitel TCIS-3+ devices are often deployed in industrial, transportation, and critical infrastructure sectors, exploitation could undermine operational security and confidentiality. The breach of communication devices may disrupt secure voice or data transmissions, impacting incident response and operational coordination. Confidentiality loss could expose sensitive organizational or personal data, leading to regulatory and reputational damage under GDPR and other data protection laws. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers may develop exploits post-disclosure. The vulnerability's network accessibility and low complexity increase the risk in environments where authentication controls are weak or compromised. Organizations with remote or distributed deployments of TCIS-3+ devices are particularly at risk, as attackers could exploit the vulnerability from less secure network segments.

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #9OWASP Top 10 A05:2025: Injection (opens in a new tab)
The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Architecture and Design · Operation · Sandbox or Jail
Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
Architecture and Design · Attack Surface Reduction
For any data that will be used to generate a command to be executed, keep as much of that data out of external control as possible. For example, in web applications, this may require storing the data locally in the session's state instead of sending it out to the client in a hidden form field.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Injection Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Injection Prevention in Java (opens in a new tab)
OS Command Injection Defense (opens in a new tab)
Abuse Case (opens in a new tab)
Deserialization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V12.3.5 (opens in a new tab)
V5.3.8 (opens in a new tab)
V1.5.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Command Line Execution through SQL Injection (opens in a new tab)
Command Delimiters (opens in a new tab)
Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers (opens in a new tab)
Argument Injection (opens in a new tab)
OS Command Injection (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

zenitel.com/sites/default/files/2025-12/A100K12333%20Zenitel%20Security%20Advisory.pdf (opens in a new tab)

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 9 Jan 2026, 10:24 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-78

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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