CVE-2025-64123 identifies a vulnerability in the Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller (MSC), a device used in energy management and industrial control environments. The issue is categorized under CWE-441, which involves an unintended proxy or intermediary behavior. Specifically, the MSC device can inadvertently bridge network boundaries, allowing traffic to pass between otherwise segregated network segments. This unintended proxy functionality can be exploited by attackers to bypass network segmentation controls, which are critical in protecting sensitive operational technology (OT) environments. The vulnerability affects all MSC versions through 2.5.1 and has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 7.9, reflecting its network-based attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), and no need for privileges (PR:N) or user interaction (UI:N). The scope is high (S:H), indicating that exploitation can affect resources beyond the vulnerable component, and the impact metrics show high confidentiality (C:H), integrity (I:H), and availability (A:H) impacts. No patches are currently linked, and no exploits are known in the wild, but the potential for attackers to use the MSC as a proxy to pivot within networks or exfiltrate data is significant. The MSC's role in controlling energy stacks means that compromise could disrupt energy delivery or cause operational failures. The vulnerability was reserved in late 2025 and published in early 2026, highlighting the need for immediate attention by affected organizations.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-64123 is considerable, particularly those operating in critical infrastructure sectors such as energy production, distribution, and industrial automation. The MSC devices are integral to managing multi-stack energy systems, and their compromise could lead to unauthorized network access across segmented OT and IT environments. This could enable attackers to move laterally, disrupt energy operations, manipulate control commands, or exfiltrate sensitive operational data. The high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts mean that exploitation could cause service outages, safety hazards, or economic losses. Given Europe's reliance on interconnected energy grids and the increasing digitization of industrial control systems, this vulnerability poses a risk to national energy security and operational resilience. Additionally, regulatory frameworks such as NIS2 in the EU emphasize the protection of critical infrastructure, increasing the compliance risk for organizations that fail to address this vulnerability promptly.

1. Monitor Nuvation Energy communications for official patches or firmware updates addressing CVE-2025-64123 and apply them immediately upon release. 2. Implement strict network segmentation and access controls to limit MSC device communication strictly to necessary endpoints, minimizing the risk of unintended proxying. 3. Deploy network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) and anomaly detection tools focused on identifying unusual proxy or intermediary traffic patterns originating from MSC devices. 4. Conduct thorough network architecture reviews to ensure MSC devices are not positioned in ways that could facilitate unauthorized bridging between critical network segments. 5. Enforce robust logging and continuous monitoring on MSC devices and surrounding infrastructure to detect suspicious activities early. 6. Engage with Nuvation Energy support for guidance on interim mitigations or configuration changes that reduce the risk until patches are available. 7. Train operational technology and security teams on the specifics of this vulnerability to enhance incident response readiness. 8. Consider deploying network micro-segmentation and zero-trust principles around critical OT assets to limit lateral movement opportunities.