CVE-2025-64124 is an OS command injection vulnerability classified under CWE-78 affecting Nuvation Energy's Multi-Stack Controller (MSC) prior to version 2.5.1. The flaw stems from improper neutralization of special characters in inputs that are incorporated into OS commands, allowing attackers to inject and execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. The vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network without requiring user interaction or elevated privileges beyond low-level access, making it highly accessible to attackers. The MSC is a critical component used in energy management and control systems, often deployed in industrial and renewable energy environments to manage multiple energy stacks. Exploitation could lead to full system compromise, enabling attackers to disrupt energy operations, exfiltrate sensitive data, or pivot within the network. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/S:P) indicates network attack vector, low complexity, no authentication or user interaction required, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no public exploits are known yet, the vulnerability's nature and affected product profile make it a critical concern for organizations relying on MSC for energy control.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-64124 is significant due to the critical role of the Multi-Stack Controller in managing energy systems, including renewable energy sources and industrial power stacks. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized command execution, resulting in operational disruption, data breaches, or sabotage of energy infrastructure. This could cause power outages, damage to equipment, or loss of sensitive operational data, affecting business continuity and safety. Given Europe's strong focus on renewable energy and smart grid technologies, organizations in sectors such as utilities, manufacturing, and critical infrastructure are particularly vulnerable. The potential for lateral movement within networks after initial compromise could further exacerbate the impact, affecting broader organizational systems and supply chains.

1. Immediate upgrade to Nuvation Energy Multi-Stack Controller version 2.5.1 or later once patches are released. 2. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on all interfaces accepting user or network input to prevent injection of special characters. 3. Employ network segmentation to isolate MSC devices from general IT networks and restrict access to trusted management systems only. 4. Use intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS) tuned to detect anomalous command execution patterns related to MSC. 5. Enforce least privilege principles on accounts accessing MSC, minimizing permissions to reduce exploitation impact. 6. Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts. 7. Develop and test incident response plans specific to energy management system compromises. 8. Engage with Nuvation Energy support for any available workarounds or mitigations until official patches are deployed.