CVE-2025-6452 is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the CodeAstro Patient Record Management System, specifically within the 'Generate New Report' page component. The vulnerability arises due to improper sanitization or validation of user-supplied input in the 'Patient Name/Name' parameter, allowing an attacker to inject malicious scripts. This type of vulnerability enables remote attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the victim's browser when they view the affected page. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates that the attack can be launched remotely (AV:N), requires low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges (PR:H indicates high privileges required but the vector states PR:H which conflicts with the description; assuming PR:H means privileges required), and requires user interaction (UI:P). The impact on confidentiality is none, integrity is low, and availability is none, suggesting that the primary risk is client-side script execution leading to potential session hijacking, phishing, or unauthorized actions performed by the victim user. Although no public exploits are currently known in the wild, the vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability is rated as medium severity with a CVSS score of 4.8, reflecting moderate risk primarily due to the need for user interaction and privileges. Given that the affected product is a Patient Record Management System, the vulnerability could be leveraged to target healthcare professionals or administrative staff, potentially exposing sensitive patient information indirectly through session hijacking or social engineering attacks.

For European organizations, particularly healthcare providers using CodeAstro Patient Record Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a risk of client-side attacks that can compromise user sessions and lead to unauthorized access to patient data or manipulation of records. Although the vulnerability itself does not directly allow data exfiltration or system compromise, the execution of malicious scripts in users' browsers can facilitate phishing, credential theft, or unauthorized actions within the application. This can undermine patient confidentiality and trust, potentially violating GDPR regulations concerning personal health data protection. Additionally, exploitation could disrupt healthcare workflows, impacting service availability indirectly. The medium severity rating suggests that while the risk is not critical, the sensitive nature of healthcare data and regulatory environment in Europe elevates the potential consequences of exploitation. Organizations may face reputational damage, regulatory fines, and operational disruptions if this vulnerability is exploited.

1. Immediate application of input validation and output encoding on the 'Patient Name/Name' parameter within the 'Generate New Report' page to neutralize malicious scripts. 2. Implement Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts in the browser context. 3. Conduct a thorough security review of all user input handling across the Patient Record Management System to identify and remediate similar XSS vectors. 4. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAF) with rules tailored to detect and block XSS payloads targeting the affected endpoint. 5. Educate healthcare staff on recognizing phishing attempts and suspicious behaviors that may result from XSS exploitation. 6. Monitor application logs and user activity for anomalies that could indicate exploitation attempts. 7. Coordinate with CodeAstro for official patches or updates; if unavailable, consider temporary mitigations such as disabling the vulnerable feature or restricting access to trusted users only. 8. Regularly update browsers and endpoint security solutions to reduce the impact of client-side attacks.