CVE-2025-68460VulnerabilityPublished 18 Dec 2025

CVE-2025-68460: Roundcube Webmail · Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output

Affects Roundcube WebmailSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 7.2 High : upgrade to 1.6.12 or 1.5.12 soon.

Data as of 25 Oct 2026, 19:02 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

7.2High

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 20% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch: Available – fixed in 1.6.12, 1.5.12

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Changed
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: Low
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Changed: An exploited vulnerability can affect resources beyond the security scope managed by the security authority of the vulnerable component. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are different and managed by different security authorities.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 18 Dec 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-25.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Upgrade roundcube/roundcubemail to 1.6.12 or 1.5.12.

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
GitHubroundcube/roundcubemail`pkg:github/roundcube/roundcubemail`Other threats	Affected <1.5.12 <1.6.12 =0 =1.6.0	Fixed in 1.5.12 1.6.12

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

European organizations should immediately inventory their Roundcube Webmail deployments to identify affected versions prior to 1.5.12 and 1.6 before 1.6.12. If you cannot patch yet, administrators can implement strict input validation and output encoding policies at the web server or application firewall level to block suspicious HTML style attributes. Disabling or restricting the use of custom styles in emails may reduce exposure. Monitoring webmail access logs for unusual patterns or repeated requests targeting the sanitizer component can help detect exploitation attempts. Employing network segmentation to limit access to webmail interfaces and enforcing strong access controls can reduce risk. Additionally, organizations should review and update incident response plans to include scenarios involving webmail information disclosure. Regular security awareness training for users about phishing and suspicious emails remains important to mitigate secondary attack vectors.

Description

Roundcube Webmail before 1.5.12 and 1.6 before 1.6.12 is prone to a information disclosure vulnerability in the HTML style sanitizer.

Impact

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a substantial risk to the confidentiality and integrity of email communications, which are critical for business operations and regulatory compliance such as GDPR. Information disclosure could lead to leakage of sensitive corporate or personal data, potentially resulting in reputational damage, financial loss, and legal consequences. Since Roundcube is commonly deployed in various sectors including government, finance, healthcare, and education across Europe, the impact could be widespread. The vulnerability’s network-exploitable nature means attackers can target exposed webmail interfaces remotely, increasing the attack surface. The scope change in the vulnerability suggests that exploitation could affect components beyond the immediate webmail interface, potentially compromising broader system elements. Organizations relying on vulnerable versions without timely patching may face increased risk of targeted attacks or data breaches. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate threat but does not eliminate the risk, especially as exploit development could follow disclosure.

CWE-116Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output (opens in a new tab)
Class weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighOWASP Top 10 A05:2025: Injection (opens in a new tab)
The product prepares a structured message for communication with another component, but encoding or escaping of the data is either missing or done incorrectly. As a result, the intended structure of the message is not preserved.
Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Architecture and Design · Parameterization
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Architecture and Design · Implementation
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Content Security Policy (opens in a new tab)
Injection Prevention (opens in a new tab)
SQL Injection Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Injection Prevention in Java (opens in a new tab)
Query Parameterization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V14.4.6 (opens in a new tab)
V14.4.4 (opens in a new tab)
V14.4.2 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Cross Zone Scripting (opens in a new tab)
User-Controlled Filename (opens in a new tab)
Web Server Logs Tampering (opens in a new tab)
AJAX Footprinting (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 25 Dec 2025, 05:47 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-116

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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