CVE-2025-69039 is a Remote File Inclusion (RFI) vulnerability affecting the goalthemes Bailly PHP theme, specifically versions up to 1.3.4. The vulnerability arises from improper control over the filename used in PHP's include or require statements, allowing an attacker to specify a remote file to be included and executed by the server. This can lead to arbitrary code execution, data disclosure, and full compromise of the affected web application’s confidentiality and integrity. The vulnerability does not require authentication (PR:N) but does require some form of user interaction (UI:R), such as visiting a crafted URL. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), making it remotely exploitable. The CVSS v3.1 score of 8.1 reflects the high impact on confidentiality and integrity, with no impact on availability. Although no known exploits are currently in the wild, the nature of RFI vulnerabilities makes them attractive targets for attackers seeking to deploy web shells or steal sensitive data. The lack of official patches or mitigation guidance increases the urgency for organizations to implement defensive measures. This vulnerability is particularly relevant for websites using the Bailly theme, which is a product of goalthemes, commonly deployed in PHP-based content management systems such as WordPress. The vulnerability’s exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code remotely, potentially leading to full site compromise, data theft, or pivoting to internal networks.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-69039 can be significant, especially for those relying on the Bailly theme in their web infrastructure. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive data, including personal data protected under GDPR, resulting in regulatory penalties and reputational damage. The integrity of web applications can be compromised, allowing attackers to modify website content, inject malicious scripts, or deploy backdoors for persistent access. Although availability is not directly affected, the indirect consequences such as website defacement or loss of customer trust can have business impacts. Organizations in sectors with high web presence such as e-commerce, media, and public services are particularly vulnerable. Additionally, attackers could leverage compromised sites as a foothold for further attacks within corporate networks, increasing the risk of broader security incidents. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the high severity score indicates that the threat could escalate rapidly once exploit code becomes available.

To mitigate CVE-2025-69039, organizations should first identify all instances of the Bailly theme version 1.3.4 or earlier in their environments. Immediate steps include disabling the allow_url_include directive in the PHP configuration to prevent remote file inclusion. Code audits should be conducted to ensure that all include and require statements use fixed or properly sanitized file paths, avoiding any user-controlled input. Implementing web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules to detect and block suspicious file inclusion attempts can provide additional protection. Monitoring web server logs for unusual requests targeting include parameters is recommended to detect potential exploitation attempts. Organizations should also track updates from goalthemes for official patches or security advisories and apply them promptly once available. Where possible, migrating to alternative themes or custom-developed solutions with secure coding practices can reduce exposure. Finally, educating developers and administrators about secure PHP coding and the risks of RFI vulnerabilities will help prevent similar issues in the future.