CVE-2025-7771 is a high-severity vulnerability identified in the TechPowerUp ThrottleStop driver (ThrottleStop.sys), specifically version 3.0.0.0 and potentially other versions. The vulnerability arises from the exposure of two IOCTL (Input Output Control) interfaces that provide arbitrary read and write access to physical memory through the Windows kernel function MmMapIoSpace. This function is intended to map physical memory into the virtual address space, but the driver’s insecure implementation lacks sufficient access control, allowing local user-mode applications to exploit these IOCTLs. By leveraging this flaw, an attacker with local access and already elevated privileges (high privileges required) can patch the running Windows kernel and invoke arbitrary kernel functions with ring-0 privileges. This effectively enables privilege escalation to kernel mode, which can lead to a wide range of follow-on attacks such as disabling security software, bypassing kernel-level protections, or implanting persistent malicious code at the kernel level. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require high privileges to exploit, and the attack vector is local. The CVSS 4.0 score is 8.7, reflecting the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as well as the complexity and scope of the attack. No known exploits are currently in the wild, but the potential for severe damage exists if exploited. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-782 (Exposed IOCTL with Insufficient Access Control), highlighting the root cause as improper access validation on critical driver interfaces. No patches or updates are currently linked, but users are advised to follow vendor instructions for updates once available.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially for enterprises and institutions that utilize TechPowerUp ThrottleStop software for CPU performance tuning or monitoring. The ability for a local attacker to escalate privileges to kernel mode can lead to complete system compromise, enabling attackers to disable endpoint security solutions, manipulate system integrity, and maintain persistence undetected. This is particularly critical for sectors with high-value data or critical infrastructure, such as finance, healthcare, government, and industrial control systems. The vulnerability could facilitate insider threats or attacks from compromised user accounts with elevated privileges. Given the widespread use of Windows in European corporate environments, the risk of lateral movement and deeper network compromise increases if this vulnerability is exploited. Additionally, the lack of known exploits currently does not reduce the urgency, as threat actors may develop exploits rapidly once details are public. Organizations relying on ThrottleStop should consider the potential for disruption, data breaches, and regulatory non-compliance if exploited.

1. Immediate mitigation involves identifying and inventorying all systems running affected versions of ThrottleStop (3.0.0.0 and possibly others). 2. Apply vendor-provided patches or updates as soon as they become available; monitor TechPowerUp communications closely. 3. Restrict installation and use of ThrottleStop to trusted administrators only, minimizing exposure to unprivileged users. 4. Implement strict access controls and endpoint protection policies to prevent unauthorized local access, including the use of application whitelisting and privilege management solutions. 5. Monitor system logs and kernel driver activity for unusual IOCTL calls or attempts to access physical memory mappings. 6. Employ kernel integrity monitoring tools to detect unauthorized kernel modifications. 7. Conduct regular security awareness training to reduce the risk of privilege misuse. 8. Consider disabling or uninstalling ThrottleStop on systems where it is not essential, especially on critical infrastructure or sensitive endpoints. 9. Use endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of detecting anomalous kernel-level behavior. 10. Maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans to recover quickly in case of compromise.