VulnerabilityPublished 29 Aug 2025

CVE-2025-9646: O2OA · Cross-site Scripting

Affects O2OASource CVE Database V5

Public exploit available · CVSS 5.1 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 10:12 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

5.1Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 19% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Passive
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Threat metrics

Exploit Maturity: POC

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: Passive: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires limited interaction by the targeted user with the vulnerable system and the attacker’s payload. These interactions would be considered involuntary and do not require that the user actively subvert protections built into the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Exploit Maturity: POC: Based on threat intelligence sources each of the following must apply: · Proof-of-concept is publicly available · No knowledge of reported attempts to exploit this vulnerability · No knowledge of publicly available solutions used to simplify attempts to exploit the vulnerability

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 29 Aug 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: evidence found.
CVSS exploit maturity: proof of concept public
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), CVSS vector, the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
O2OA	Affected =10.0-410	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

European organizations should immediately implement input validation and output encoding controls at the application or web server level to sanitize the 'toMonthViewName' parameter. Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) can be configured with custom rules to detect and block suspicious payloads targeting this parameter. Network segmentation should be enforced to limit access to O2OA instances to trusted internal users only, reducing exposure to external attackers. User awareness training should emphasize caution when clicking on unexpected links, especially those related to calendar or scheduling features. Monitoring and logging of HTTP requests to the affected endpoint should be enhanced to detect exploitation attempts. Organizations should track vendor communications closely and plan for prompt application of the official patch once released. Additionally, consider deploying Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to mitigate the impact of XSS by restricting script execution sources.

Description

A security flaw has been discovered in O2OA up to 10.0-410. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /x_organization_assemble_personal/jaxrs/definition/calendarConfig. The manipulation of the argument toMonthViewName results in cross site scripting. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be exploited. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."

Impact

For European organizations using O2OA up to version 10.0-410, this vulnerability poses a tangible risk of client-side attacks that can compromise user sessions and data confidentiality. Since O2OA is a collaborative office automation platform, exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive organizational information, phishing attacks leveraging trusted internal domains, and potential lateral movement if session tokens or credentials are stolen. The medium severity rating indicates that while the vulnerability is not critical, it can be leveraged to undermine user trust and data integrity. The remote exploitability without authentication increases the attack surface, especially in organizations with exposed O2OA instances accessible via the internet or intranet. The lack of a current patch means organizations must rely on mitigations until an official fix is released. This vulnerability could disrupt business operations, damage reputation, and lead to compliance issues under GDPR if personal data is compromised.

Summary

CVE-2025-9646 is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in the O2OA platform, specifically affecting versions up to 10.0-410. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of the 'toMonthViewName' parameter within the /x_organization_assemble_personal/jaxrs/definition/calendarConfig endpoint. An attacker can remotely manipulate this parameter to inject malicious scripts, which are then executed in the context of the victim's browser. This type of vulnerability enables attackers to perform actions such as session hijacking, defacement, or redirecting users to malicious sites. The vulnerability does not require authentication but does require user interaction (e.g., the victim visiting a crafted URL). The CVSS 4.0 score is 5.1 (medium severity), reflecting network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, but user interaction needed, and limited impact on confidentiality and integrity with no impact on availability. Public exploit code has been released, increasing the risk of exploitation.

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 29 Aug 2025, 13:32 UTC

Technical details

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