CVE-2025-9659VulnerabilityPublished 29 Aug 2025

CVE-2025-9659: O2OA · Cross Site Scripting

Affects O2OASource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 5.1 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 06:26 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

5.1Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.2% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 19% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: Passive
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Threat metrics

Exploit Maturity: POC

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: Passive: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires limited interaction by the targeted user with the vulnerable system and the attacker’s payload. These interactions would be considered involuntary and do not require that the user actively subvert protections built into the vulnerable system.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Exploit Maturity: POC: Based on threat intelligence sources each of the following must apply: · Proof-of-concept is publicly available · No knowledge of reported attempts to exploit this vulnerability · No knowledge of publicly available solutions used to simplify attempts to exploit the vulnerability

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 29 Aug 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-26.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
O2OA	Affected =10.0-410	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

European organizations should prioritize the following mitigation steps: 1) Immediately audit and monitor all instances of O2OA for the affected version and restrict access to the Personal Profile Page component where feasible. 2) Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block common XSS payloads targeting the /x_portal_assemble_designer/jaxrs/widget endpoint. 3) Conduct user awareness training to reduce the risk of successful social engineering attacks that could trigger the XSS exploit. 4) Apply strict Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to limit the execution of unauthorized scripts in browsers accessing the O2OA platform. 5) Regularly review and sanitize all user inputs and outputs in the affected module, if custom modifications are possible before the official patch is released. 6) Plan and test the deployment of the vendor’s forthcoming patch as soon as it becomes available. 7) Monitor security advisories and threat intelligence feeds for any emerging exploit activity related to CVE-2025-9659 to respond promptly.

Description

A vulnerability has been found in O2OA up to 10.0-410. The affected element is an unknown function of the file /x_portal_assemble_designer/jaxrs/widget of the component Personal Profile Page. Such manipulation leads to cross site scripting. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor replied in the GitHub issue (translated from simplified Chinese): "This issue will be fixed in the new version."

Impact

For European organizations using O2OA version 10.0-410 or earlier, this XSS vulnerability poses a risk of session hijacking, credential theft, and unauthorized actions performed in the context of legitimate users. This can lead to data breaches involving personal or sensitive information stored or accessible through the affected Personal Profile Page. Organizations in sectors such as government, finance, healthcare, and education—where O2OA might be deployed for collaboration or intranet portals—could face reputational damage, regulatory penalties under GDPR for data exposure, and operational disruptions. The vulnerability could also serve as a foothold for more sophisticated attacks, including lateral movement within internal networks if combined with other exploits. The medium severity rating suggests that while the threat is not critical, it should not be ignored, especially given the public disclosure and lack of an immediate patch. The requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering campaigns could be used to exploit this vulnerability, increasing the risk for organizations with less mature security awareness programs.

Summary

CVE-2025-9659 is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in the O2OA platform, specifically affecting versions up to 10.0-410. The vulnerability resides in an unspecified function within the file /x_portal_assemble_designer/jaxrs/widget, which is part of the Personal Profile Page component. This flaw allows an attacker to inject malicious scripts that execute in the context of a victim's browser when they access the affected page. The attack vector is remote and does not require prior authentication, although user interaction is necessary to trigger the script execution. The vulnerability is classified as reflected or stored XSS, enabling attackers to potentially steal session cookies, perform actions on behalf of the user, or deliver further payloads such as malware. The vendor has acknowledged the issue publicly via a GitHub discussion and indicated that a fix will be included in an upcoming version. The CVSS v4.0 score is 5.1 (medium severity), reflecting the moderate impact on confidentiality and integrity, ease of exploitation (low complexity, no privileges required), but limited impact on availability and scope confined to the affected component. The vulnerability does not require user authentication but does require user interaction to trigger the malicious script execution. This vulnerability highlights the importance of input validation and output encoding in web applications, especially in user profile management modules where user-generated content is common.

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 29 Aug 2025, 16:32 UTC

Technical details

References

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