CVE-2026-0933 is a command injection vulnerability classified under CWE-20 (Improper Input Validation) and CWE-78 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command). The vulnerability exists in the Cloudflare Wrangler CLI tool, specifically in the `wrangler pages deploy` command. The root cause is the direct interpolation of the `--commit-hash` parameter into a shell command executed via Node.js's execSync function without any sanitization or validation. The vulnerable code pattern is similar to execSync(`git show -s --format=%B ${commitHash}`), where shell metacharacters in `commitHash` are interpreted by the shell, enabling arbitrary command execution. This flaw allows an attacker who can influence the `--commit-hash` argument to execute arbitrary shell commands on the host running Wrangler, which is often a CI/CD runner or build server. Potential malicious actions include exfiltrating environment variables, installing persistent backdoors, or modifying build artifacts, severely compromising the integrity and confidentiality of the build environment. Exploitation complexity is moderate, as it requires control over the `--commit-hash` parameter, which is typically set in automated deployment pipelines. The vulnerability affects Wrangler versions starting from v2.0.15 up to v4.0.0, with patches released in v4.59.1 and v3.114.17. No known exploits are reported in the wild yet. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector, low attack complexity, partial privileges required, no user interaction, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The scope is limited to the system running Wrangler but can have cascading effects on deployed applications and infrastructure.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the security of CI/CD pipelines that use Cloudflare Wrangler for deploying applications, especially those leveraging the `wrangler pages deploy` command with externally sourced commit hashes. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized command execution on build servers, resulting in theft of sensitive environment variables, insertion of malicious code into build artifacts, and persistent compromise of deployment infrastructure. This undermines the integrity and confidentiality of software supply chains, potentially leading to widespread downstream compromise of production environments. Organizations in sectors with strict regulatory requirements (e.g., finance, healthcare, critical infrastructure) face heightened risks of compliance violations and reputational damage. The vulnerability's exploitation could also disrupt availability of deployment processes, delaying critical updates and patches. Given the increasing adoption of automated CI/CD pipelines in Europe, the threat surface is substantial, particularly for organizations using Cloudflare Wrangler in multi-tenant or cloud-hosted CI environments where attacker control over input parameters is more plausible.

European organizations should immediately upgrade affected Wrangler installations to at least v4.59.1 or v3.114.17, depending on their current major version. For those still on the unsupported v2 branch, migration to a supported version is critical. Additionally, organizations should audit their CI/CD pipelines to ensure that the `--commit-hash` parameter is never populated from untrusted or external sources without validation. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on all parameters passed to CLI tools in automated workflows. Employ least privilege principles for CI/CD runners to limit the impact of potential command injection. Use containerized or isolated build environments to contain any compromise. Monitor CI/CD logs and environment variables for suspicious activity indicative of exploitation attempts. Incorporate runtime detection tools that can alert on anomalous shell command executions within build environments. Finally, maintain an inventory of all Wrangler versions deployed across the organization to ensure timely patching and compliance.