CVE-2026-1478 identifies a critical SQL injection vulnerability in the Quatuor Evaluación de Desempeño (EDD) application, a performance evaluation tool developed by Gabinete Técnico de Programación. The vulnerability resides in the improper neutralization of special elements in SQL commands (CWE-89) within the parameters 'Id_usuario' and 'Id_evaluacion' on the '/evaluacion_hca_evalua.aspx' page. This is an out-of-band (OOB) SQL injection, meaning attackers can exfiltrate data through external channels such as DNS or HTTP requests initiated by the database server, bypassing direct response filtering. The flaw affects all versions of the product and requires no authentication or user interaction, making it highly exploitable remotely. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N) reflects network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges or user interaction needed, and high impact on confidentiality and integrity with limited availability impact. Although no public exploits are reported yet, the vulnerability's nature and critical score (9.3) suggest a significant risk of data breaches and unauthorized data disclosure. The lack of available patches necessitates immediate mitigation through secure coding practices, input sanitization, and network monitoring. The vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive performance evaluation data, potentially exposing personal or organizational information.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability is substantial. The EDD application likely stores sensitive employee performance data, which if leaked, could violate privacy regulations such as GDPR, leading to legal and financial penalties. Confidentiality breaches could damage organizational reputation and trust. Integrity compromise could allow manipulation of evaluation data, affecting HR decisions and organizational fairness. The out-of-band nature of the attack complicates detection, increasing the risk of prolonged undetected data exfiltration. Availability impact is limited but secondary effects such as system instability or increased load from exploitation attempts could occur. Public sector entities or large enterprises using Quatuor's EDD in Europe are particularly at risk, as they often handle large volumes of sensitive personal data. The absence of authentication requirements and ease of exploitation further elevate the threat level, making it a priority for immediate remediation.

1. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied parameters, especially 'Id_usuario' and 'Id_evaluacion'. 2. Employ parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection. 3. Monitor outbound network traffic for unusual DNS or HTTP requests that may indicate OOB data exfiltration attempts. 4. Restrict database server permissions to minimize the impact of potential exploitation. 5. Conduct code reviews and security testing focusing on SQL injection vectors in the application. 6. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAF) with rules targeting SQL injection patterns, particularly OOB techniques. 7. Isolate the database server from direct internet access and limit connectivity to trusted application servers. 8. Stay alert for vendor patches or updates and apply them promptly once available. 9. Educate developers and administrators about the risks and detection of OOB SQL injection attacks. 10. Consider implementing anomaly detection systems to identify suspicious query patterns or data flows.