CVE-2026-25582 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability classified under CWE-122, affecting the InternationalColorConsortium's iccDEV library, specifically versions before 2.3.1.3. The vulnerability arises in the CIccIO::WriteUInt16Float() function, which is responsible for converting XML data into ICC color profiles using the iccFromXml tool. When processing malformed XML input, the function improperly handles memory allocation or bounds checking, leading to a heap buffer overflow during a read operation. This flaw can be exploited by an attacker who can supply crafted XML files to the vulnerable tool, potentially causing arbitrary code execution or application crashes. The vulnerability requires local access and user interaction, as the attacker must induce the victim to process the malicious XML input. The CVSS v3.1 score of 7.8 reflects high severity, with impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability has been addressed in version 2.3.1.3 of iccDEV, which includes proper input validation and memory management to prevent overflow. No public exploits have been reported, but the risk remains significant due to the potential for privilege escalation or system compromise in environments where iccDEV is used for color profile management in imaging or printing pipelines.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially for industries relying heavily on digital imaging, printing, graphic design, and color management workflows. Compromise could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive image data, manipulation of color profiles affecting product quality, or denial of service in critical production environments. Organizations in media production, advertising, publishing, and manufacturing sectors that utilize ICC profiles extensively may face operational disruptions or intellectual property theft. The requirement for local access and user interaction limits remote exploitation but does not eliminate insider threats or risks from compromised endpoints. Additionally, the integrity and availability impacts could affect supply chains and client deliverables, causing reputational damage and financial loss. Given the widespread use of ICC profiles in European creative and manufacturing industries, the vulnerability's impact could be broad if unpatched.

European organizations should immediately upgrade all instances of iccDEV to version 2.3.1.3 or later to ensure the vulnerability is patched. Beyond upgrading, organizations should implement strict validation of XML inputs before processing to detect and reject malformed or suspicious files. Employing application whitelisting and restricting execution of iccFromXml tools to trusted users can reduce exploitation risk. Monitoring and logging usage of color profile processing tools will help detect anomalous activities. For environments where upgrading is delayed, sandboxing the iccFromXml tool or running it with least privilege can limit potential damage. Security teams should also educate users about the risks of processing untrusted XML files and enforce policies to prevent opening files from unverified sources. Regular vulnerability scanning and integration of iccDEV version checks into patch management workflows will help maintain security posture.