VulnerabilityPublished 22 Mar 2026Updated 23 Mar 2026

CVE-2026-4543: Wavlink WL-WN578W2 · Command Injection

Affects Wavlink WL-WN578W2Source CVE Database V5

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Public exploit available · CVSS 5.3 Medium.

Data as of 30 Oct 2026, 11:52 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

5.3Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 5.6% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 92% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

Base metrics

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: Low
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: Low
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Threat metrics

Exploit Maturity: POC

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: Low: The attacker requires privileges that provide basic capabilities that are typically limited to settings and resources owned by a single low-privileged user. Alternatively, an attacker with Low privileges has the ability to access only non-sensitive resources.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the Vulnerable System are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Exploit Maturity: POC: Based on threat intelligence sources each of the following must apply: · Proof-of-concept is publicly available · No knowledge of reported attempts to exploit this vulnerability · No knowledge of publicly available solutions used to simplify attempts to exploit the vulnerability

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 22 Mar 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponized: evidence found.
CVSS exploit maturity: proof of concept public
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), CVSS vector, the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 30 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponized: A Metasploit exploit module or Exploit-DB entry exists (Metasploit scanner modules do not count), or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
WavlinkWL-WN578W2	Affected =221110	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

To mitigate CVE-2026-4543, organizations should first isolate affected Wavlink WL-WN578W2 devices from untrusted networks and restrict access to management interfaces via network segmentation and firewall rules. Disable remote management features if enabled. Monitor network traffic for unusual POST requests targeting /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi and anomalous command execution patterns. Employ network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) with signatures tuned to detect exploitation attempts of this vulnerability. If replacement is not immediately feasible, implement strict access control lists (ACLs) to limit device management access to trusted IP addresses only. Regularly audit device configurations and logs for signs of compromise. Engage with Wavlink support channels to request patch status and updates. Maintain up-to-date network segmentation and endpoint security controls to limit attacker movement in case of compromise.

Description

CVE-2026-4543 is a medium severity command injection vulnerability in the Wavlink WL-WN578W2 router firmware version 221110. The flaw exists in the /cgi-bin/firewall.cgi POST request handler, where manipulation of the dmz_flag or del_flag parameters can lead to remote command execution without authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the device, potentially compromising its integrity and availability. Although the vendor has not responded to disclosure, no public exploits are currently known in the wild. This vulnerability affects network security devices commonly deployed in small office and home office environments, posing risks of device takeover and network compromise. Organizations using this device should prioritize mitigation to prevent exploitation. Countries with significant Wavlink market presence and reliance on this model are at higher risk. The CVSS 4.0 score is 5.

Impact

The primary impact of CVE-2026-4543 is unauthorized remote command execution on affected Wavlink WL-WN578W2 devices. This can lead to full compromise of the router, allowing attackers to alter configurations, disrupt network traffic, or pivot into internal networks. Confidentiality risks include interception or manipulation of network traffic passing through the device. Integrity can be compromised by unauthorized changes to firewall rules or device settings. Availability may be affected if attackers disrupt device functionality or cause denial of service. Organizations relying on these routers for perimeter security or network segmentation may face increased exposure to lateral movement and data exfiltration. The lack of vendor response and patch availability prolongs exposure, increasing the window for exploitation. While no active exploits are known, the public availability of exploit details raises the likelihood of opportunistic attacks, especially in environments with poor network segmentation or exposed management interfaces.

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 29 Mar 2026, 20:07 UTC

Technical details

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