MalwarePublished 19 Jun 2025Updated 9 Jul 2025

Part 2: Tracking LummaC2 Infrastructure

Source AlienVault OTX General

Description

An investigation into domains associated with the LummaC2 infostealing-malware campaign revealed a broader network of nearly 500 domains with highly malicious risk scores. These domains share similar registration patterns, including the use of Eastern European names and the inbox[.]eu email domain. The domains predominantly advertise technical education courses, but are likely lures for malware delivery. Four domains were identified as LummaC2 login panels. The campaign's infrastructure uses specific TLDs, naming conventions, and a Hong Kong address linked to OFAC-sanctioned entities. Security teams are advised to monitor for similar domain patterns, scrutinize suspicious training sites, and educate users about the risks.

Impact

European organizations face considerable risks from the LummaC2 campaign due to its focus on infostealing malware and the use of social engineering lures disguised as technical education platforms. The theft of credentials and sensitive information can lead to unauthorized access to corporate networks, intellectual property loss, financial fraud, and potential lateral movement within affected environments. Given the campaign’s use of nearly 500 malicious domains, the attack surface is broad, increasing the likelihood of successful phishing or malware delivery attempts. The presence of domains registered with Eastern European names and the inbox[.]eu domain suggests targeting or at least operational focus in Europe, potentially exploiting regional trust in localized training resources. Additionally, the campaign’s infrastructure linked to OFAC-sanctioned entities may complicate attribution and response efforts. The campaign’s medium severity rating reflects the moderate ease of exploitation through social engineering combined with the significant potential impact on confidentiality and integrity of organizational data. Disruption of availability is less likely but cannot be ruled out if malware payloads include destructive components. Overall, European enterprises, especially those with employees engaged in continuous professional development or technical training, are at heightened risk of exposure to this threat.

Defensive guidance

To effectively mitigate the LummaC2 threat, European organizations should implement targeted measures beyond generic cybersecurity hygiene: 1) Deploy advanced domain monitoring tools to detect and block access to newly registered domains exhibiting the identified patterns (Eastern European names, inbox[.]eu email registrations, specific TLDs). 2) Integrate threat intelligence feeds that include LummaC2-related domains into email and web filtering solutions to prevent phishing emails and malicious website access. 3) Conduct focused user awareness training emphasizing the risks of engaging with unsolicited technical education offers and the importance of verifying the legitimacy of training platforms before enrollment. 4) Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) across all critical systems to reduce the impact of credential theft. 5) Regularly audit and monitor network traffic for unusual connections to known or suspected C2 domains, especially those matching the campaign’s infrastructure characteristics. 6) Collaborate with domain registrars and law enforcement to report and take down malicious domains promptly. 7) Harden endpoint security by deploying behavior-based malware detection capable of identifying infostealing activities. 8) Establish incident response playbooks specifically addressing phishing and infostealer malware scenarios to ensure rapid containment and remediation.

Indicators of compromise

Domains 531

3dexpertpaint.pro
3dpaintexpert.pro
abcfarmq.run
accounuwbu.live
adaptktq.live
adorabkfma.run
adultedoke.run
agedsoucid.top
agnesefilipe.com
agrioczefl.run

IP addresses 1

91.199.160.3

Hashes 844

0048bdb7baa14a3043c4d7d2a0c50e57e7cc69f5
0064edc129a9f97c6e9cb537fc7a654b528fabfd
006ad1698fbd2388bdcd810720246589fad30ce6
0070a40c70d1daa76f9bba0d35b9f59fa587b1c0
00e2e1ffa714dbdb227ed0ac566b7926383b4c5c
01275a879c9c30b83c8b1f335881ab51058c5889
01b169a859ae9aa63f250f0f47b045c97f209114
01c806d8e94472dca8df5c00b6a431f6826a3598
01f824201c08e60ee0f8bbc250c61e724c8a7253
0237eb2819cacbfe55699c54147ab414796936eb

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Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 20 Jun 2025, 08:47 UTC

MITRE ATT&CK techniques7 from threat tags

Technical details

Indicators of compromise

Domains 531

IP addresses 1

Hashes 844

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