Net::LibSSH versions before 0.004 for Perl authenticate to an unverified server because connect never checks the host key against known_hosts.
connect reports success as soon as ssh_connect returns SSH_OK. libssh leaves the known-hosts check to the application, and this binding never makes it, so the strict_hostkeycheck and knownhosts options are set on the session and then decide nothing.
Password, agent and public-key authentication, channel and SFTP operations all run on a session whose peer was never identified, so an attacker who can redirect the connection receives the password when password authentication is used, and commands and data sent over the session.
Rex versions through 1.16.1 for Perl accept an unknown SSH host key for remote rsync transfers because sync hardcodes StrictHostKeyChecking=no.
Every remote branch of sync builds its ssh command with that option, for password authentication, for private-key authentication and for the fallback. The ssh options a caller sets through set_openssh_opt reach the OpenSSH transport but not this command, so there is no configuration that restores host key checking for the transfer.
An attacker who can redirect the connection before the real host key is known presents their own and the transfer proceeds: under password authentication sync sends the connection password to that server, an upload writes the selected local files to it, and a download writes what it returns to the local destination.
The Apache Airflow SFTP provider's deferrable code paths (`SFTPTrigger`, `SFTPHookAsync`, `SFTPClientPool`) disable SSH host-key verification by default unless the connection explicitly sets `no_host_key_check` to false. Deployments that run SFTP sensors or operators in deferrable mode are affected. An attacker in a machine-in-the-middle position between the triggerer and the SFTP server can impersonate the server and capture the credentials or data exchanged.
Users of apache-airflow-providers-sftp are recommended to upgrade to apache-airflow-providers-sftp 7.0.0 or later. This is a separate defect from CVE-2026-94134 (the synchronous SSH hook default, which also affects the SFTP hook); users who applied the fix for one also need this release for the other - apache-airflow-providers-sftp 7.0.0 fixes both.
The Apache Airflow SSH provider hook disables SSH host-key verification by default: unless `host_key` is configured or `no_host_key_check` is explicitly set to false, it accepts any server key. This affects SSH and SFTP connections that rely on the default. An attacker in a machine-in-the-middle position between the worker and the SSH or SFTP server can impersonate the server and capture the credentials or data a task sends.
Users of apache-airflow-providers-ssh and apache-airflow-providers-sftp are recommended to upgrade to apache-airflow-providers-ssh 7.0.0 and apache-airflow-providers-sftp 7.0.0 or later. The deferrable SFTP code paths had the same default and are covered separately by CVE-2026-94135; apache-airflow-providers-sftp 7.0.0 fixes both.
Key exchange without entity authentication vulnerability in HAVELSAN Inc. Liman Render Engine allows Adversary in the Middle (AiTM).
This issue affects Liman Render Engine: from 1.0 before 1.2-75.
Key Exchange without Entity Authentication vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl allows a peer that answers a TLS 1.3 client connection to impersonate the intended server. A pre_shared_key extension in the ServerHello that the client never offered causes the client to complete the handshake without validating the server's certificate, so ssl:connect returns {ok, Socket} against a peer holding no certificate, no private key and no prior session.
tls_client_connection_1_3:handle_server_hello/2 passes the received extension to tls_gen_connection_1_3:handle_resumption/2, which sets resumption = true on its mere presence without checking that the client offered a PSK. tls_handshake_1_3:get_pre_shared_key/4 meanwhile falls back to the all-zero "no PSK" value and keys the handshake with the ordinary non-PSK schedule, so the attacker's own ephemeral key suffices. The resumption flag then routes maybe_resumption/1 straight to wait_finished, skipping the certificate-handling states, so certificate path validation, verify_fun, hostname verification, partial_chain, CRL checking and OCSP stapling are all bypassed. The default client configuration is affected; clients restricted to TLS 1.2 are not.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 22.2 before OTP 27.3.4.18, OTP 28.5.0.7, and OTP 29.1.1, corresponding to ssl from 9.5 before 11.2.12.13, 11.6.0.6, and 11.7.7.
Bulletin ID: 2026-071-AWS Scope: AWS Content Type: Important (requires attention) Publication Date: 08/03/2026 12:30 PM PDT Description: AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI) is a unified tool to manage AWS services from the command line. We identified CVE-2026-18654, an issue where the EMR SSH helper commands (aws emr ssh, aws emr socks, aws emr put, aws emr get) disabled SSH host key verification, which might allow man-in-the-middle actors to intercept SSH sessions and file transfers via network positioning between the client and the EMR cluster endpoint. Impacted versions: - AWS CLI v1 <= 1.45.27 - AWS CLI v2 <= 2.35.2 Please refer to the article below for the most up-to-date and complete information related to this AWS Security Bulletin.
The Apache Airflow Git provider runs its git-over-SSH operations with `StrictHostKeyChecking=no` by default, disabling SSH host-key verification. An attacker who can intercept the network path between an Airflow worker and the Git server can impersonate the server (man-in-the-middle), capturing the SSH deploy key or injecting malicious repository content. Deployments that use the Git DAG bundle or Git provider to clone over SSH with a deploy key are affected. The fix changes the default to verify host keys; upgrade to apache-airflow-providers-git `0.4.1` or later and configure a `known_hosts` file.
# Vulnerability
Central Dogma's Git mirror SSH client installs an Apache MINA SSHD `ServerKeyVerifier` lambda that returns `true` unconditionally for every outbound SSH connection used by `git+ssh://` mirrors. The accompanying lines disable the `known_hosts` and `~/.ssh/config` fallbacks, and a repo-wide search confirms that no host-key pinning mechanism (no `acceptedHostKeys`, `knownHosts`, `KnownHostsServerKeyVerifier`, `StaticServerKeyVerifier`, or `RequiredServerKeyVerifier`) exists anywhere in `server-mirror-git/`. Operators have no opt-in way to enable verification. Every outbound mirror connection blindly trusts whatever host key the remote presents.
## Evidence
File: `server-mirror-git/src/main/java/com/linecorp/centraldogma/server/internal/mirror/SshGitMirror.java`
Lines 143-160 (especially 149) on branch `main` @ commit `d64a5151`:
```java
private SshClient createSshClient() {
final ClientBuilder builder = ClientBuilder.builder();
// Do not use local file system.
builder.hostConfigEntryResolver(HostConfigEntryResolver.EMPTY); // line 146
builder.fileSystemFactory(NoneFileSystemFactory.INSTANCE); // line 147
// Do not verify the server key.
builder.serverKeyVerifier((clientSession, remoteAddress, serverKey) -> true); // line 149
...
}
```
Verification:
- Read confirmed on 2026-05-21 against `main` @ `d64a5151`.
- A multi-agent code audit verified that no operator-facing pinning field exists on `SshKeyCredential`, `PasswordCredential`, or `MirrorContext`.
- Exploit PoC reproduced locally with a `paramiko`-based fake SSH server bound to 127.0.0.1. The fake server presents an ephemeral RSA host key never seen before; the Central Dogma mirror client accepts the connection and proceeds to authentication, logging the offered username and public-key fingerprint. A correctly hardened SSH client would refuse the connection before reaching the authentication phase.
- Full PoC artifacts (read-only, loopback-only) at `~/centraldogma-poc/C1_ssh_hostkey_bypass/` on the reporter's workstation.
## Impact
Threat model: An on-path attacker on the corporate network — ARP spoofing on the LAN, internal DNS poisoning, malicious internal DNS overriding `github.com` or the configured internal git hostname, BGP hijack, sidecar/CNI compromise in Kubernetes, or any process able to answer TCP on the resolved IP. No Central Dogma account required; only network position.
1. **Direction `LOCAL_TO_REMOTE`**: the attacker impersonating the remote git server receives the entire mirrored repository contents over the SSH session. Central Dogma is a configuration store, so this typically exfiltrates DB credentials, third-party API keys, certificates, feature flags, and any other secret configuration committed to mirrored repositories.
2. **Direction `REMOTE_TO_LOCAL`**: the attacker can serve arbitrary commits which Central Dogma materializes into the local repo and then broadcasts to every subscribing microservice via the watch API. This is a supply-chain root-of-trust compromise across all downstream services consuming Central Dogma configuration.
3. **Credential theft chain with finding H2** (mirror credentials are not bound to a hostname): an SSH key or access token configured for `github.com` can be captured by the attacker's fake server and replayed against the real upstream, extending impact beyond Central Dogma itself.
Scope is `Changed` (CVSS) because exploitation alters trust assumptions of every downstream client of Central Dogma, not just Central Dogma itself.
## How to fix
1. Add an `acceptedHostKeys: List<String>` field to `SshKeyCredential` and `PasswordCredential` (or to `MirrorContext`). Values are SHA-256 fingerprints of trusted remote SSH server host keys, e.g. `SHA256:nThbg6kXUpJWGl7E1IGOCspRomTxdCARLviKw6E5SY8`.
2. Replace the accept-all lambda at `SshGitMirror.java:149` with a verifier that computes the SHA-256 fingerprint of the presented host key and compares it against the credential's allowlist using a constant-time comparison.
3. Refuse to connect when `acceptedHostKeys` is empty — fail-closed. Do not implement implicit TOFU.
4. Optionally provide an admin-only `dogma mirror probe-host-key <remote>` tool that performs a single audited connection, prints the server's fingerprint, and prompts the operator to add it to the credential. This makes TOFU an explicit, audited operation.
5. Update `SshGitMirrorTest.java` and `it/mirror/*` tests to pin a test fingerprint or use the explicit trust-once tool, so the regression cannot silently return.
Apache Airflow Google provider versions before 22.0.0 have a vulnerability in the ComputeEngineSSHHook where SSH host-key verification is disabled by default. This exposes SSH traffic between Airflow workers and Compute Engine VMs to interception or modification by in-path attackers. Users are advised to upgrade to version 22.0.0 or later to address this issue.
The Claude Desktop app gives you Claude Code with a graphical interface built for running multiple sessions side by side. From 1.2581.0 to before 1.4304.0, Claude Desktop's SSH remote development feature verified only whether a hostname existed in ~/.ssh/known_hosts without comparing the server's presented host key against the stored key. This allowed a network-positioned attacker to present an arbitrary SSH host key and have the connection silently accepted, enabling a man-in-the-middle attack on remote development sessions. Successful exploitation required the attacker to be in a network position to intercept SSH traffic (e.g., via ARP spoofing, rogue Wi-Fi, or DNS poisoning) and the target hostname to already have an entry in the victim's known_hosts file. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4304.0.
Zero Motorcycles firmware versions 44 and prior enable an attacker to
forcibly pair a device with the motorcycle via Bluetooth. Once paired,
an attacker can utilize over-the-air firmware updating functionality to
potentially upload malicious firmware to the motorcycle. The motorcycle
must first be in Bluetooth pairing mode, and the attacker must be in
proximity of the vehicle and understand the full pairing process, to be
able to pair their device with the vehicle. The attacker's device must
remain paired with and in proximity of the motorcycle for the entire
duration of the firmware update.
Juniper Networks Apstra versions before 6.1.1 contain a vulnerability in their SSH implementation where key exchange occurs without proper entity authentication. This flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker to perform a man-in-the-middle attack by impersonating managed devices. The attacker can intercept SSH connections from Apstra to managed devices, potentially capturing user credentials. The vulnerability is identified as CWE-322 and has a high severity rating with a CVSS score of 8.7.
CVE-2026-33697 is a high-severity vulnerability in the attested TLS (aTLS) implementation of the CoCoS confidential computing system for AI, affecting versions 0.4.0 through 0.8.2. The vulnerability allows a relay attack due to the extraction of the ephemeral TLS private key during the intra-handshake attestation. This key extraction enables an attacker to impersonate an attested CoCoS service, undermining authentication guarantees and potentially exposing sensitive data or operations. Exploitation requires physical access or advanced side-channel or transient execution attacks. The vulnerability is architectural and affects both AMD SEV-SNP and Intel TDX deployments. No patch or complete workaround is currently available, though some hardening measures can reduce risk.
A critical authentication bypass vulnerability (CVE-2026-1709) exists in Keylime, a TPM-based remote boot attestation and runtime integrity measurement solution. The issue arises from missing client-side TLS authentication, allowing unauthorized administrative operations. This vulnerability affects Keylime packages distributed with Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10 across multiple architectures. Red Hat has issued a security update to address this flaw.
SSH Hostkey misconfiguration vulnerability in Archer AX53 and Archer BE3600 (tmpserver modules) allows attackers to obtain device credentials through a specially crafted man‑in‑the‑middle (MITM) attack. This could enable unauthorized access if captured credentials are reused.
Sandboxie is a sandbox-based isolation software for 32-bit and 64-bit Windows NT-based operating systems. In versions 1.16.1 and below, a critical security vulnerability exists in password handling mechanisms. During encrypted sandbox creation, user passwords are transmitted via shared memory, exposing them to potential interception. The vulnerability is particularly severe during password modification operations, where both old and new passwords are passed as plaintext command-line arguments to the Imbox process without any encryption or obfuscation. This implementation flaw allows any process within the user session, including unprivileged processes, to retrieve these sensitive credentials by reading the command-line arguments, thereby bypassing standard privilege requirements and creating a significant security risk. This is fixed in version 1.16.2.