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10 Things I Hate About Attribution: RomCom vs. TransferLoader

Medium
Published: Tue Jul 01 2025 (07/01/2025, 08:07:32 UTC)
Source: AlienVault OTX General

Description

This report analyzes the activities of two threat actor clusters: TA829 and UNK_GreenSec. TA829 conducts both espionage and cybercrime operations using tools like SingleCamper and DustyHammock. UNK_GreenSec deploys TransferLoader malware leading to ransomware infections. The actors share similarities in infrastructure, delivery tactics, and lure themes, raising questions about their relationship. Four hypotheses are presented regarding their potential connection, ranging from shared third-party services to being the same actor. The report highlights the increasing overlap between cybercrime and espionage activities, making attribution more challenging in the current threat landscape.

AI-Powered Analysis

AILast updated: 07/01/2025, 08:39:55 UTC

Technical Analysis

This report examines the activities of two distinct but potentially related threat actor clusters: TA829 and UNK_GreenSec. TA829 is known for conducting both espionage and cybercrime operations, utilizing malware families such as SingleCamper and DustyHammock. UNK_GreenSec is associated with the deployment of TransferLoader malware, which serves as a loader for ransomware infections. The analysis highlights overlapping infrastructure, delivery tactics, and lure themes between these two actors, complicating attribution efforts. Four hypotheses are proposed regarding their relationship, ranging from the use of shared third-party services to the possibility that they are the same actor operating under different aliases. This convergence of espionage and cybercrime activities reflects a broader trend in the threat landscape, where traditional distinctions between state-sponsored and financially motivated attacks are increasingly blurred. The technical details include references to multiple MITRE ATT&CK techniques such as T1218.011 (signed binary proxy execution), T1587.001 (initial access via spearphishing), T1082 (system information discovery), and others, indicating sophisticated tactics for persistence, evasion, and lateral movement. Despite the lack of known exploits in the wild, the presence of ransomware deployment via TransferLoader underscores a significant risk to targeted organizations.

Potential Impact

For European organizations, the dual nature of these threat actors poses a multifaceted risk. Espionage activities by TA829 could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive intellectual property, government secrets, or corporate strategic information, potentially undermining national security and competitive advantage. Concurrently, the ransomware infections facilitated by TransferLoader via UNK_GreenSec can result in operational disruption, financial losses due to ransom payments, and reputational damage. The overlap in tactics suggests that organizations may face complex, blended threats that combine stealthy espionage with overt ransomware attacks, complicating detection and response efforts. Critical infrastructure, government agencies, and large enterprises in Europe are particularly vulnerable given their strategic importance and the value of their data. The medium severity rating reflects the significant but not immediately catastrophic impact, emphasizing the need for vigilance and proactive defense measures.

Mitigation Recommendations

European organizations should implement targeted mitigations beyond standard cybersecurity hygiene. First, enhance detection capabilities for loader malware like TransferLoader by deploying advanced endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of identifying suspicious process injection and command-line obfuscation techniques (e.g., T1027, T1059). Second, conduct thorough network segmentation to limit lateral movement and isolate critical assets, reducing the impact of potential ransomware spread. Third, implement strict email security controls with advanced phishing detection and user training focused on spearphishing tactics (T1587.001). Fourth, employ threat intelligence sharing platforms to stay updated on emerging indicators related to TA829 and UNK_GreenSec activities. Fifth, enforce application whitelisting and monitor for the use of signed binaries and proxy execution techniques (T1218.011) to prevent unauthorized code execution. Finally, conduct regular incident response exercises simulating combined espionage and ransomware scenarios to improve organizational readiness.

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Technical Details

Author
AlienVault
Tlp
white
References
["https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog/threat-insight/10-things-i-hate-about-attribution-romcom-vs-transferloader"]
Adversary
TA829
Pulse Id
68639744272b5a4d16c46166
Threat Score
null

Indicators of Compromise

Hash

ValueDescriptionCopy
hash57bf2cbfe63df65772846277e4b2a55f
hash917c13e82d8ff62dcbe254b6bddcedf0
hashb42cdff17ba993261334303bec5bbc69
hash24bd135b92a95c0e7f9967f6372bbe4bc99d9f84
hash26c6e5770bf4f3cdb9430523f02dd71803ccdd56
hash2b301191aa9e1d2c8e3eefd38b6eb1952b1fce88
hash5238c4815c13f9d26ad6fa46aec6cc55671cb16e
hash69d6f39abc0a40e66ec1109fc440165c8eb0d548
hashc8cbb1eaae2fd97fa811ece21655e2cb96510255
hashcff9e5fee264dd58dbd6a3165322807248d3a1b2
hashd890d4b40ce56f90b9ea168bf6d7bf5043a47319
hashd8b04523d86270ce8bf8a834d7da22829f1a8d16
hashda65ac787fe00161908772879869837823775afc
hash00385cae3630694eb70e2b82d5baa6130c503126c17db3fc63376c7d28c04145
hash07b9e353239c4c057115e8871adc3cfb42467998c6b737b28435ecc9405001c9
hash1c6a5476d485d311be1e07c2e0d2ae322214caa5d4f84398d4169d499105b01a
hash33971df8f5c34c3c79f64e2e28e300260499285bd37f77295ba88897728ace4b
hash3a234b49b834849689da477f77ca6363b40ee83e58213ee51b1ec248da90a543
hash54a94c7ec259104478b40fd0e6325d1f5364351e6ce1adfd79369d6438ed6ed9
hash6d5226cba687d99ce14eda8de290edd470e79436625618559c8db1458a53666c
hash7e51eb44cfd945f4a155707f773fae3207ebfb59d45ea866ba69bd9bc28dfc32
hash7fc65b23e0a85f548e4268b77b66a3c9f3d08b9c1817c99bc1336d51d36e1ec6
hash8f3b065e6aa6bc220867cdcb1c250c69b2d46422c51f66f25091f6cab5d043de
hashcd526475391c375e8e40f0146146672928db9bbf210acb41e0fd41381cd5eb9a
hashe7917ff12114be5c79ca9bd0082eb628192c2ebfbee7aad2ae626ea208ee37cf
hashf5f2761278163a1a813356666cb305fe37806f5f633b2a5475997f10d24fb3d4
hashfba9f2c351e898bfc61c8b1181020212ccb9e55041c4dd433ca2867dbf796469

Domain

ValueDescriptionCopy
domain1day.live
domain1dcloud.live
domain1drive-work.online
domain1drive.bio
domain1drive.expert
domain1drive.social
domain1drive.works
domain1drivecloud.click
domain1drivecloud.live
domain1drivems.expert
domain1drivems.works
domain1drv-team.works
domain1drv.biz
domain1drv.me
domain1drv.site
domain1drv.world
domain1drv.zone
domain1drv365.live
domain1drv365.online
domain1drvcloud.online
domain1drvfiles.online
domain1drvms.space
domain1drw.live
domain1dv365.live
domain1dvstorage.com
domain1share.limited
domain365drv.live
domain365msdrv.live
domain365work.chat
domaincdngateway.us
domaincloud-pdf.online
domaincloud1dv.com
domainclouderive.com
domaincloudly.live
domainconsvcprivacy.com
domaind1rv.social
domaindata-dv.live
domaindatadrv1.com
domaindeliverycitylife.com
domaindiskstorage.click
domaindocumentapproved.click
domaindr365.live
domaindrivedefend.com
domaindrivehost.live
domaindrivehub.live
domaindrivepublic.live
domaindrivestorage.online
domaindrshare.online
domaindrsync.click
domaindvcloud.live
domainfile-acess.live
domainfile-cloud.company
domainfile-share.works
domaingdl-cloud.works
domaingdrive-share.online
domaingdrvdocs.online
domaingworkspace.social
domainhealthfy.bio
domainjournalctl.website
domainlauradream.com
domainlivestorage.click
domainmngersrv.com
domainmspdf.live
domainmsvhost.com
domainmy-356drv.online
domainmy1drv.live
domainmy1drv.online
domainmydrv1.live
domainmyonedrive365.live
domainondrve.live
domainondv.live
domainonedr.expert
domainonedrivecloud.click
domainonedrivecloud.expert
domainonedrivecloud.live
domainonedrivecloud.net
domainonedrivems.cloud
domainonedrivems.works
domainonedrweb.live
domainonefile.social
domainonelivedrv.com
domainonestorelink.live
domainonlinedrive.click
domainopendnsapi.net
domainpdfshare.click
domainshare-doc.live
domainshare-pdf.live
domainsharepdf.limited
domainsite-staff.sale
domainsupportcausems.com
domaintemptransfer.live
domainworkspace-doc.live
domainms.share-onedr.com

Threat ID: 68639b396f40f0eb728ea5c8

Added to database: 7/1/2025, 8:24:25 AM

Last enriched: 7/1/2025, 8:39:55 AM

Last updated: 7/14/2025, 9:31:32 PM

Views: 20

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