CVE-2024-28025 is an OS command injection vulnerability identified in the MC Technologies MC LR Router, version 2.10.5 (QEMU). The flaw exists in the web interface's I/O configuration functionality, where the 'btn1' parameter is improperly sanitized, allowing an authenticated attacker to inject arbitrary OS commands. This vulnerability is categorized under CWE-78, indicating improper neutralization of special elements used in OS commands. Exploitation requires authentication but no user interaction beyond sending a crafted HTTP request. The vulnerability allows attackers to execute commands with the privileges of the router’s web service, potentially leading to full system compromise, data exfiltration, or denial of service. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.2, with network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), requiring high privileges (PR:H), no user interaction (UI:N), unchanged scope (S:U), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). No patches are currently available, and no known exploits have been reported in the wild. The vulnerability was reserved in February 2024 and published in November 2024. The router is typically used in industrial or specialized network environments, making the impact potentially severe in those contexts.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2024-28025 can be significant, especially for those relying on MC LR Routers in industrial, manufacturing, or critical infrastructure networks. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized command execution, enabling attackers to disrupt network operations, manipulate or exfiltrate sensitive data, and potentially pivot to other internal systems. This can result in operational downtime, financial losses, and reputational damage. Given the router’s role in network connectivity, availability impacts could affect production lines or essential services. The requirement for authentication limits exposure to some extent, but insider threats or compromised credentials could facilitate exploitation. The high confidentiality and integrity impact also raise concerns about data breaches and manipulation of network configurations. European organizations with stringent regulatory requirements (e.g., GDPR) may face compliance issues if this vulnerability is exploited.

1. Immediately restrict access to the MC LR Router’s web management interface to trusted networks and IP addresses using firewall rules or VPNs. 2. Enforce strong authentication mechanisms and regularly audit user accounts with access to the router’s management interface to prevent credential compromise. 3. Monitor router logs and network traffic for unusual authenticated HTTP requests targeting the 'btn1' parameter or other suspicious activity indicative of command injection attempts. 4. Implement network segmentation to isolate critical routers from general user networks, reducing the attack surface. 5. Coordinate with MC Technologies for timely release and deployment of security patches addressing this vulnerability. 6. If patching is delayed, consider temporary mitigations such as disabling the vulnerable I/O configuration functionality if feasible. 7. Conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on router management interfaces to detect similar vulnerabilities. 8. Educate network administrators about the risks of OS command injection and the importance of secure configuration management.