CVE-2024-42851 identifies a buffer overflow vulnerability in the open source exiftags library, specifically in version 1.01. The flaw exists in the paresetag function, which processes image metadata tags. Due to insufficient bounds checking, an attacker with local access can supply crafted input that overflows a buffer, enabling arbitrary code execution. This vulnerability is classified under CWE-122 (Heap-based Buffer Overflow), indicating that the overflow occurs in dynamically allocated memory. The CVSS v3.1 score is 8.4 (high), reflecting the vulnerability's potential to cause complete system compromise without requiring privileges or user interaction. The attack vector is local, meaning the attacker must have some form of access to the system to exploit the flaw. No patches or fixes have been released at the time of publication, and no known exploits have been observed in the wild. The vulnerability impacts the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems by allowing execution of malicious code, potentially leading to full system takeover or data breaches. The absence of user interaction and privileges needed makes this vulnerability particularly dangerous in multi-user or shared environments where local access might be easier to obtain.

The impact of CVE-2024-42851 is significant for organizations using the exiftags library to process image metadata locally. Successful exploitation can lead to arbitrary code execution, allowing attackers to escalate privileges, install malware, or exfiltrate sensitive data. This compromises confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected systems. In environments such as digital forensics, media processing, or content management systems where exiftags might be integrated, attackers could leverage this vulnerability to pivot within networks or disrupt operations. Since the attack requires local access but no privileges or user interaction, insider threats or attackers who gain initial foothold on a system could exploit this flaw to deepen their control. The lack of a patch increases exposure time, and organizations may face increased risk of targeted attacks or lateral movement within networks.

To mitigate CVE-2024-42851, organizations should first identify all systems and applications using the exiftags library, especially version 1.01. Until an official patch is released, restrict local access to trusted users only and implement strict access controls to limit who can execute or interact with components using exiftags. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint protection solutions that can detect anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. Consider sandboxing or isolating processes that handle image metadata to contain potential exploits. Monitor system logs and audit local user activities for suspicious behavior. Engage with the exiftags open source community or maintainers to track patch releases and apply updates promptly once available. Additionally, conduct code reviews or implement runtime protections such as Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) and Data Execution Prevention (DEP) to reduce exploitation success likelihood. For environments where exiftags usage is non-essential, consider removing or replacing the library with safer alternatives.