CVE-2024-51030 is a SQL injection vulnerability identified in the Sourcecodester Cab Management System version 1.0, specifically within the manage_client.php and view_cab.php files. The vulnerability arises due to improper sanitization of the 'id' parameter, which is directly incorporated into SQL queries without adequate validation or parameterization. This flaw allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands, potentially enabling unauthorized access to sensitive data stored in the backend database. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require some level of privileges (PR:L), indicating that the attacker might need to be authenticated with limited rights. The CVSS 3.1 score of 6.5 reflects a medium severity, with a network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no user interaction (UI:N), and unchanged scope (S:U). The impact is primarily on confidentiality (C:H), with no direct impact on integrity or availability. No patches or known exploits are currently reported, but the vulnerability represents a significant risk if exploited, especially in environments where sensitive client or cab management data is stored. The underlying weakness corresponds to CWE-89, a common and well-understood SQL injection issue. Without mitigation, attackers could extract sensitive information, potentially leading to privacy violations or further attacks within the network.

The primary impact of CVE-2024-51030 is unauthorized disclosure of sensitive data stored in the cab management system's database. This could include client personal information, trip details, payment data, or internal operational records. Such data breaches can lead to privacy violations, regulatory non-compliance (e.g., GDPR, CCPA), reputational damage, and financial losses. Although the vulnerability does not directly affect data integrity or system availability, attackers could leverage the exposed data to conduct further attacks such as phishing, identity theft, or lateral movement within the organization’s network. Organizations relying on this software for managing transportation services may face operational disruptions if trust is eroded or if regulatory bodies impose sanctions. The requirement for some privileges to exploit the vulnerability somewhat limits the attack surface, but insider threats or compromised accounts could still be leveraged. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the potential for future exploitation.

To mitigate CVE-2024-51030, organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Apply input validation and sanitization rigorously on all parameters, especially the 'id' parameter in manage_client.php and view_cab.php, to ensure only expected data types and values are accepted. 2) Refactor the vulnerable PHP scripts to use prepared statements with parameterized queries, which effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. 3) Restrict database user privileges to the minimum necessary, avoiding use of high-privilege accounts for web application database connections. 4) Conduct thorough code reviews and security testing (including automated static analysis and dynamic testing) focused on injection flaws. 5) Monitor database and application logs for unusual query patterns or access attempts that could indicate exploitation attempts. 6) If patching is not immediately possible, deploy web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection payloads targeting the affected parameters. 7) Educate developers and administrators about secure coding practices and the risks of SQL injection. 8) Regularly update and audit all components of the cab management system to identify and remediate other potential vulnerabilities.