CVE-2024-52788 identifies a critical vulnerability in the Tenda W9 router firmware version 1.0.0.7(4456), where a hardcoded password is embedded in the /etc_ro/shadow file. This file typically stores hashed passwords for system accounts, and the presence of a hardcoded password means attackers can authenticate as root without needing to guess or crack credentials. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-798 (Use of Hard-coded Credentials), which is a well-known security weakness that severely undermines device security. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) indicates that the attack requires adjacent network access (e.g., local network or VPN), low attack complexity, and low privileges to exploit, but no user interaction. Successful exploitation grants full root privileges, allowing attackers to control the device completely, modify configurations, intercept or redirect traffic, and install persistent malware. Although no public exploits are currently known, the severity and ease of exploitation make this a critical risk for affected devices. The lack of an official patch at the time of publication increases the urgency for interim mitigations. This vulnerability highlights the risks of embedded hardcoded credentials in IoT and networking devices, which can be leveraged for lateral movement and persistent compromise in organizational networks.

The impact of CVE-2024-52788 is severe for organizations using Tenda W9 routers, as it allows attackers to gain root-level access remotely with minimal prerequisites. This can lead to complete device compromise, enabling attackers to manipulate network traffic, exfiltrate sensitive data, disrupt network availability, or use the device as a foothold for further attacks within the network. The confidentiality, integrity, and availability of network communications are all at high risk. In environments where these routers serve as gateways or critical infrastructure, the vulnerability could facilitate large-scale breaches or espionage. Additionally, compromised routers can be enlisted into botnets or used to launch attacks against other targets. The absence of a patch and the presence of hardcoded credentials increase the likelihood of exploitation once attackers develop or share exploit code. Organizations with limited network segmentation or weak access controls face heightened exposure.

1. Immediately restrict administrative access to Tenda W9 routers to trusted IP addresses and networks only, using firewall rules or access control lists. 2. Disable remote management interfaces unless absolutely necessary, and if enabled, enforce strong authentication and encryption. 3. Monitor network traffic for unusual activity originating from or targeting Tenda W9 devices, including unexpected root-level logins or configuration changes. 4. Segment networks to isolate vulnerable devices from critical infrastructure and sensitive data environments, limiting lateral movement opportunities. 5. Regularly audit device configurations and logs for signs of compromise or unauthorized access. 6. Engage with Tenda support or vendor channels to obtain firmware updates or patches addressing this vulnerability as soon as they become available. 7. Consider replacing affected devices with models that do not contain hardcoded credentials or have a stronger security posture if patching is delayed. 8. Educate network administrators about the risks of hardcoded credentials and the importance of secure device management practices.