CVE-2025-10408 is a medium-severity SQL Injection vulnerability affecting SourceCodester Student Grading System version 1.0. The flaw exists in the /edit_user.php file, specifically in the handling of the 'ID' parameter. An attacker can remotely manipulate this parameter without authentication or user interaction to inject malicious SQL code. This injection can lead to unauthorized access or modification of the underlying database, potentially exposing sensitive student data or allowing alteration of grading records. The vulnerability is exploitable over the network with low attack complexity and no privileges required, though it results in low confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact individually. However, combined, these impacts can be significant in an educational context. No official patches have been released yet, and while no known exploits are currently observed in the wild, public exploit code is available, increasing the risk of exploitation.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using SourceCodester Student Grading System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a risk of data breaches involving student personal information and academic records. Unauthorized data access or manipulation could lead to privacy violations under GDPR, reputational damage, and potential regulatory penalties. The integrity of grading data could be compromised, undermining trust in academic evaluations. Availability impact is limited but could occur if database corruption or denial of service results from exploitation. The remote, unauthenticated nature of the vulnerability increases the attack surface, especially for institutions with externally accessible grading system portals. Given the sensitivity of educational data and strict European data protection laws, the impact is non-trivial and requires prompt attention.

Organizations should immediately audit their use of SourceCodester Student Grading System 1.0 and restrict external access to the /edit_user.php endpoint where possible. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with SQL injection detection and prevention rules tailored to this vulnerability. Implement input validation and parameterized queries in the application code to eliminate injection vectors. Until an official patch is available, consider isolating the grading system behind VPN or internal networks to limit exposure. Regularly monitor logs for suspicious activity targeting the ID parameter. Conduct penetration testing focused on SQL injection to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities. Educate administrators on the risks and signs of exploitation. Finally, plan for an upgrade or migration to a patched or alternative system once available.