CVE-2025-11112 is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in version 1.3 of the PHPGurukul Employee Record Management System, a web-based application used for managing employee records. The vulnerability exists in the /myprofile.php page, where the 'First name' parameter is not properly sanitized or encoded before being reflected in the web page output. This improper handling allows an attacker to inject malicious JavaScript code remotely by manipulating the input parameter. When a victim user interacts with a crafted URL or page containing the malicious script, the script executes in the context of the victim’s browser, potentially leading to session hijacking, theft of cookies or credentials, or unauthorized actions performed on behalf of the user. The vulnerability does not require any authentication to exploit, but user interaction is necessary, such as clicking a malicious link. The CVSS 4.0 vector indicates network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), user interaction required (UI:P), and limited impact on confidentiality and integrity (VC:N, VI:L), with no impact on availability. Although no known exploits are currently active in the wild, the public disclosure increases the risk of exploitation by attackers. The vulnerability affects only version 1.3 of the product, and no official patches or updates have been linked yet. The lack of input validation and output encoding on the 'First name' parameter is the root cause, making this a classic reflected XSS scenario.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Employee Record Management System version 1.3, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to user sessions, enabling attackers to impersonate employees or administrators, potentially exposing sensitive employee data or internal HR information. This could result in data breaches affecting personal identifiable information (PII), leading to regulatory non-compliance under GDPR and reputational damage. The attack could also facilitate further exploitation within the network if attackers leverage stolen credentials or session tokens. Since the vulnerability requires user interaction, phishing campaigns targeting employees could be an effective attack vector. The impact on availability is minimal, but the integrity and confidentiality of employee data are at risk. Organizations with high reliance on this system for HR management or payroll processing may experience operational disruptions if attackers manipulate employee records or escalate privileges.

To mitigate CVE-2025-11112, organizations should first verify if they are running PHPGurukul Employee Record Management System version 1.3 and plan immediate remediation. Since no official patch is currently available, implement the following specific measures: 1) Apply strict input validation on the 'First name' parameter to allow only expected characters (e.g., alphabetic characters) and reject or sanitize any input containing script tags or special characters. 2) Implement proper output encoding/escaping on all user-supplied data before rendering it in HTML contexts to prevent script execution. 3) Deploy a Content Security Policy (CSP) header to restrict the execution of inline scripts and loading of untrusted resources. 4) Educate employees about phishing risks and suspicious links to reduce the likelihood of user interaction with malicious payloads. 5) Monitor web server logs for unusual requests targeting /myprofile.php with suspicious parameters. 6) Consider isolating or restricting access to the vulnerable application until a vendor patch is released. 7) Engage with the vendor or community to obtain updates or patches addressing this vulnerability. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice by focusing on the specific vulnerable parameter and context.