CVE-2025-15180 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Tenda WH450 router firmware version 1.0.0.18. The flaw exists in an unspecified function within the HTTP request handler component, specifically in the /goform/webExcptypemanFilte endpoint. The vulnerability is triggered by manipulating the 'page' argument in the HTTP request, which leads to a stack buffer overflow condition. This type of vulnerability allows an attacker to overwrite the stack memory, potentially enabling arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the HTTP handler process, which typically runs with high or root-level permissions on the device. The attack vector is remote and does not require authentication or user interaction, making it highly accessible to attackers scanning for vulnerable devices on the internet. The CVSS v4.0 score is 8.6 (high severity), reflecting the ease of exploitation (network attack vector, low complexity), no required privileges or user interaction, and the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. While no confirmed exploits are currently observed in the wild, public proof-of-concept exploits exist, increasing the likelihood of active exploitation. The vulnerability affects a widely used consumer and small office router model, which is often deployed in environments with limited security monitoring, increasing the risk of compromise. The lack of an official patch at the time of publication further exacerbates the threat, requiring interim mitigations to reduce exposure.

The impact of CVE-2025-15180 is significant for organizations and individuals using Tenda WH450 routers. Successful exploitation can lead to full device compromise, allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges. This can result in unauthorized access to internal networks, interception or manipulation of network traffic, disruption of network availability, and potential pivoting to other internal systems. For enterprises relying on these devices for network connectivity, this could mean data breaches, loss of service, and reputational damage. The vulnerability's remote and unauthenticated nature increases the attack surface, enabling widespread scanning and exploitation campaigns. Additionally, compromised routers can be enlisted into botnets or used as launch points for further attacks, amplifying the threat to broader internet infrastructure. The absence of a patch at the time of disclosure means organizations must rely on network-level controls to mitigate risk, prolonging exposure. Overall, the vulnerability poses a critical risk to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of network communications in affected environments.

1. Immediate mitigation should include isolating affected Tenda WH450 devices from untrusted networks, especially the internet, to prevent remote exploitation. 2. Employ network segmentation and firewall rules to restrict access to the router's management interface and the vulnerable /goform/webExcptypemanFilte endpoint. 3. Monitor network traffic for unusual HTTP requests targeting the vulnerable endpoint and implement intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with custom signatures to detect exploitation attempts. 4. Disable remote management features on the router if enabled, reducing exposure to external attackers. 5. Regularly check for official firmware updates or security advisories from Tenda and apply patches promptly once available. 6. As an interim measure, consider replacing vulnerable devices with alternative hardware from vendors with stronger security track records if patching is delayed. 7. Educate users and administrators about the risks of using outdated firmware and the importance of timely updates. 8. Conduct regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing to identify and remediate similar issues proactively.