CVE-2025-15180 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Tenda WH450 router firmware version 1.0.0.18. The vulnerability resides in an unspecified function within the HTTP request handler component, specifically at the /goform/webExcptypemanFilte endpoint. The issue arises due to improper validation or sanitization of the 'page' argument passed in HTTP requests, allowing an attacker to craft a malicious request that overflows the stack buffer. This overflow can corrupt the execution stack, potentially enabling arbitrary code execution or causing a denial-of-service condition by crashing the device. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring user interaction or authentication, increasing its severity and ease of exploitation. The CVSS v4.0 score of 8.6 reflects the high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, combined with low attack complexity and no prerequisites for exploitation. Although no active exploits have been reported in the wild, publicly available proof-of-concept exploits exist, which could facilitate rapid weaponization by threat actors. The lack of available patches at the time of publication necessitates immediate mitigation efforts by affected users. Given the critical role of routers in network infrastructure, exploitation could lead to network compromise, interception of sensitive data, or disruption of services.

For European organizations, exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to severe consequences including unauthorized remote code execution on network routers, enabling attackers to intercept, manipulate, or disrupt network traffic. This could compromise confidentiality by exposing sensitive communications, integrity by altering data flows, and availability by causing router crashes or network outages. Critical infrastructure sectors such as finance, healthcare, and government entities relying on Tenda WH450 devices are particularly at risk. The ability to exploit remotely without authentication increases the threat surface, potentially allowing widespread attacks across organizational networks. Additionally, compromised routers could serve as footholds for lateral movement or launching further attacks within corporate networks. The presence of publicly available exploits heightens the urgency for European organizations to address this vulnerability promptly to avoid operational disruptions and data breaches.

1. Immediate network-level mitigations include disabling remote management interfaces on Tenda WH450 devices to prevent external exploitation. 2. Implement strict firewall rules to block unsolicited inbound traffic targeting the /goform/webExcptypemanFilte endpoint or HTTP management ports. 3. Segment networks to isolate vulnerable devices from critical systems and sensitive data repositories. 4. Monitor network traffic for anomalous HTTP requests indicative of exploitation attempts, especially those containing suspicious 'page' parameters. 5. Engage with Tenda support or vendors to obtain firmware updates or patches addressing this vulnerability as soon as they become available. 6. If patching is not immediately possible, consider replacing affected devices with models from vendors with robust security track records. 7. Conduct regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing focusing on network infrastructure devices to detect similar issues proactively. 8. Educate IT staff on the risks associated with router vulnerabilities and the importance of timely updates and configuration hardening.